refers to all the external physical and social conditions and events that can affect us, from crowded living quarters to stimulating interactions

which is biological unfolding of an individual according to a plan contained in the genes ( the hereditary characteristics passed from parents to a child at conception)

in biological sense, is the deterioration of organisms (including human beings) that leads to inevitably to death

refers to the physical changes that occurs from conception to maturity

development is ____________ that begins at conception throughout the lifespan. Most development involves ____ although it eventually involves _____

why study development

definition of a child according to WHO

children refer to those living with an dependent upon the solo parent for support who are unmarried, unemployed and not more than 18 years or even more than 18 years of age but are incapable of self support because of mental and/or physical defect/disability

children refer to those living with an dependent upon the solo parent for support who are _______, ______ and not more than 18 years or _________but are incapable of self support because of mental and/or physical defect/disability

a person below 18 years of age or those over but are unable to fully take care of themselves or protect themselves from abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation, or discrimination because of a physical or mental disability or condition

a person below 18 years of age or those over but are unable to _________ or ___________from ___________________ because of a physical or mental disability or condition

definition of a child according to WHO

definition of a child from UNICEF

is the center of the educational system; the curriculum reforms are concentrated on ensuring the holistic develop of children

it conceptualize human behavior as influenced by developmental process across biological, historical, sociocultural, and psychological factors from conception to death (lether, 2002)

life span perspective we do not stop growing once we reach adulthood, we continue developing new understanding of our environment and the world around us. Our relationships may flourish, while maintaining new friends

one are is simultaneous with other areas while children are learning to walk, their socialization is also enhanced

every age involves both growth and decline. For example, gaining a capacity for logical thought as a school age child may mean losing some capacity for fanciful and imaginative thinking of a preschooler

refers to the capacity to change in response to positive or negative experiences

a person's development is affected by the culture and history of the society he or she grew up. An example of this is observed in the types of career students in a particular pursue

human development is best understand by having knowledge of the psychological underpinning and sociological context. Being able to merge what you have learned in all your bedagogy courses will help you in formulas better instructional materials and design lesson plan that will address the holistic development of your learners

human development is the product of ongoing interactions between a changing person and his or her changing world

assumptions about human nature portrayed children as inherently selfish and bad, believing that it was society's task to control their selfish and aggressive impulses and to teach them to behave in positive ways

argued that children were innately good, that they were born with an intuitive understanding of right and wrong and that they would develop in positive directions as long as society did not interfere with their natural tendencies

an infant is a blank slate waiting to be written on by his experiences. Neither good nor bad, they could develop in any direction depending on their own experiences

occurs in kind and suggests discontinuity. These are changes that make the individual fundamentally different in some way than he or she was before ( a non verbal infant into a speaking toddler or a pre puberty child into a sexually mature adolescent

occurs in degree and indicates continuity (a person becomes taller, knows more vocabulary words or interacts with friends more frequently)

theorists picture the course of development as more like a series of stair steps, each of which elevates the individual to a new (and presumably more advance) Level of functioning

theorists view human development as a process that occurs in small steps, without sudden changes

the extent to which developmental changes are common to everyone (universal) or different from person to person (context specific)

some theorists believe that children are curious active creatures who in a very real sense orchestrate their own development by exploring the world around them, or by shaping their own environment. Other theorists view humans as passive being who are largely products of forces beyond their control, usually environmental influences (but possibly strong biological forces)

the influences brought by exposure to the environment (includes learning experiences, child rearing methods, societal changes, and culture)

behavior and characteristics manifested because the influence of biological forces heredity and biologically based dispositions

involves changes in child's body. Biological processes underline the development of the brain, gains in height, changes in motor skills, and puberty hormonal changes

it involves the child's thinking, intelligence, and language. Cognitive developmental processes enable a growing child to memorize a poem, imagine how to solve a math problem, come up with a creative strategy or speak meaningful connected sentences

involves change with the child relationships with other people, changes in emotion and changes in personality

pre natal (physical development)

infancy (eocomotion established)

early childhood (readiness in schooling)

late childhood (cognitive processes become adult)

adolescence (begins with puberty ends to maturity)

young adulthood (career and family development)

is a process that occurs within various environment cues and conditions which causes changes in a person's knowledge and behavior

midlife (career reaches highest level)

late life (enjoys family achievement)

who outlined the four stages of cognitive development

sensomotor

properational

concrete operational

formal operational

this domain includes intellectual development and creativity. As they develop cognitively, kids gain the ability to process thoughts, pay attention, develop memories, understanding their surroundings, express creativity, as well as to make statement and accomplish plans

is about how a person's language or communication skills develop from crying to laughing, babbling, and then talking. This involves one's ability to comprehend, use, and manipulate language.

sounds into words

creating sentences with language rules and conventions

understanding meaning

apply language to communicate in practical and personal use

this domain includes emotions, personality and social relationships

two types of psychosocial domain

is all about child's relationships with different kinds of people and his/her unique way of interacting with them. It also includes self knowledge (self-esteem, metacognition, sexual identity, and moral reasoning

refers to how a child's emotions develop, how he/she understand and expresses his/her emotions (anger, fear, and anxiety, sorrow, joy, happiness and others) in socially acceptable ways, or regulating one's emotions, having confrontations without volence

what are the domains of child development?

it covers the development of physical changes, which includes growing in size and strength as well as the development of both gross motor skills and fine motor skills. This domain also includes the development of the senses and using them

are physical or behavioral signs of development of infants and children. Rolling over, crawling, walking, and talking are considered developmental milestones and provide important information regarding your child's early development. This are different for each age range

this is the period when an individual has reached his/her maturity. This is usually above 18 years of age

this stage is marked by puberty (11 to 14 years old) when a child undergoes a series of changes in the body

the child refines his/her skills he/she learned in earlier years, from basic to more complex skilss; he/she also learns new skills. The most rapid period of growth and development is seen in early childhood

the child is totally dependent on the caregiver for the fulfillment of his/her needs. The child experiences rapid growth during period

he tendency for motor skills to emerge in sequence from the center to the periphery, also known as the "inside to outsde" rule

food for newborn baby

the tendency for motor skills to emerge in sequence from head to the feet, also known as the "top to bottom" rule

original sin Bible verse

fetal stage

embryonic stage

germinal stage

Considered the longest and final stage of pregnancy lasting until giving birth. Aside from having all organs to be highly developing, senses are becoming more functional such as fetus being able to respond to the heartbeat and voice of the mother while sense of olfaction develops at 14th week. Locomotion can be felt also by the mother most especially when the fetus is stimulated. Fetus also manifests certain degree of memories especially on the voice of the mother.

The significant development in this stage is the formation of major organs that form the biological systems, such as respiratory, digestive, and nervous systems. Before the end of the 8th week, limbs can be identified already that would appear like an underdeveloped fetus. This rapid development of organ is also accompanied by more risk of spontaneous abortion (miscarriage), most especially during the first trimester (first 3 months). In the whole period of pregnancy, this is considered as the most crucial. It develops in an intrauterine cavity through the amniotic sac composing of the amniotic fluid. This results to the development of the umbilical cord and the placenta which supply the nutrients and other hormones that are necessary during pregnancy.

In approximately 3-4 days, the zygote travels along the fallopian tube and eventually implant itself to the uterus wall. The mitosis (cell division) permits the development of blastocyst. Aside from the protective function it serves at this stage, it is also the source in the development of the amniotic sac, placenta, and umbilical cord.

The development that occurs all throughout the prenatal are divided into three substages of development. These are the germinal stage (fertilization to 2 weeks), embryonic stage (2 weeks 8 weeks), and fetal stage (8 weeks - birth). These stages have distinct activities most especially in the physical development of the organism.

some genetics become observable, some may either come out later in the adulthood development

is a combination of the 23 chromosomes from each parent. These chromosomes contain genes that specifically carry characteristics of an individual.

40 weeks or 280 days including the additional two weeks to account for the last menstrual period and ovulation. The average human gestation is from 37-41 weeks. Infants that are born earlier than 37 weeks are considered pre-term while those that are born 42 weeks or more are called postterm.

On menstrual cycle of a woman, a matured egg cell is released once a month by one of the ovaries that eventually enters in the fallopian tube. This process is called ovulation. The union of egg and sperm cells is called fertilization and the new cell becomes the zygote.

biological processes involves _____ in child's body. Biological processes underline the _______of the brain, gains in height, changes in motor skills, and puberty hormonal changes

Cognitive processes involves the child's _____, ______, and _______. Cognitive developmental processes enable a growing child to memorize a poem, imagine how to solve a math problem, come up with a creative strategy or speak meaningful connected sentences

Socio emotional involves change with the child ________ with other people, changes in ______ and changes in ______

learning is a _______that ________ within various environment cues and conditions which causes _______ in a person's knowledge and behavior

growth refers to the ________ that occurs from ______

maturation is which _______ of an individual according to a plan contained in the ______ ( the hereditary characteristics passed from parents to a child at conception)

environment refers to all the ______ and _____ conditions and events that can affect us, from crowded living quarters to stimulating interactions

aging in biological sense, is the __________ (including human beings) that leads to inevitably to death