問題一覧
1
Histology is the study of the
tissues of the body and how these tissues are arranged to constitute organs.
2
Tissues have two interacting components:
cells and Extracellular matrix (ECM).
3
supports the cells and contains the fluid transporting nutrients to the cells, and carrying away their wastes and secretory products.
ECM
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to preserve tissue structure and prevent degradation by enzymes
Fixation
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type of cell division in which one cell (the mother) divides to produce two new cells what do you call those cell
daughter cell
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the process of dividing the cell contents to make two new cells - starts in anaphase or telophase.
cytokinesis
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Before mitosis, the cell is in interphase and has already copied its DNA, so the chromosomes in the nucleus each consist of two connected copies, called
sister chromatids
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play a role in organizing microtubules that serve as the cell's skeletal system.
Centrioles
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process where the chromosomes start to condense (making them easier to pull apart later on).
Early Prophase
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is a structure made of microtubules, strong fibers that are part of the cell’s “skeleton.”
mitotic spindle
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a part of the nucleus where ribosomes are made, disappears. This is a sign that the nucleus is getting ready to break down.
nucleolus
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When structure and function are coordinated, the body achieves a relative stability of its internal environment called
Homeostasis
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Some of the functions controlled by homeostasis mechanisms are
blood pressure, body temperature, breathing and heart rate.blood pressure, body temperature, breathing and heart rate.
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functions controlled by homeostasis mechanisms are
blood pressure, body temperature, breathing and heart rate.
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thin outer membrane, which maintains the integrity of the cell. It keeps the cell and its contents separate and distinct from the surrounding
Plasma membrane
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Movements a cross membrane takes place in two ways. These are
passive and active movement
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What movement uses energy
Passive movement
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movement that consumes energy in the form of ATP
active movement
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random movements of molecules from area of high concentration to the area of low concentration
simple diffusion
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larger molecules, which are not soluble in lipid need protein channel to pass through the plasma membrane. No direct energy needed.
Facilitated Diffusion
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special type of diffusion referring to the passage of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Osmosis
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small molecules pass through selectively permeable membrane in response to force of pressure.
Filtration
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the passive movement of molecules along the concentration gradient.
Facilitated diffusion
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creates compartments which allow the transport of a selective concentration of water-soluble substances.
Lipid based membrane
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is the process in eukaryotic, sexually-reproducing animals that reduces the number of chromosomes in a cell before reproduction.
meiosis
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Meiosis is used for the production of
gametes
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Homologue pairs separate during a first round of cell division, called
meosis 1
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Sister chromatids separate during a second round, called
meiosis 2
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collection of neuron cell bodies situated in the PNS
ganglion
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bundles of axons that extend out from the brain as cranial nerves and from the spinal cord as spinal nerves.
nerves
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a bundle of axons (nerve fibers) within the CNS (connective tissue is absent)
Tract
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a collection of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS (accumulation of gray matter
Nucleus
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brain and spinal cord
Central Nervous System
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all cranial and spinal nerves and their associated roots and ganglia
Peripheral Nervous System
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one neuron system that innervates (voluntary) skeletal muscle or somatosensory receptors of the skin, muscle & joints.
Somatic Nervous System
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two neuron visceral efferent system that innervates cardiac and smooth muscle and glands.
Autonomic Nervous System
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widely used fixative
Formaldehyde
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Control of the body’s billions of cells is accomplished mainly by two communication systems:
nervous system and the endocrine system.