T.O.P, FREUD
問題一覧
1
when was freud born
may 6 1856
2
freud focuses on?
neuropsychology:hysteria and sexuality
3
he studied how hysteria symptoms would slowly fade through talking candidly about their experiences
josef breuer
4
this is recalling experiences while confronting and coming to terms with it emotionally and intellectually
free association
5
this is the earliest approach to formal study of personality
psychoanalysis
6
unconscious forces, ___________, and agression, unavoidable cinflicts in early childhood:_______________.
biologically based drives of sex, rulers and shapers of personality
7
focused on the ________: we are not aware of the most important determinants of our behavior.
unconscious
8
motivations/energies that influence behavior and experience
dynamic conscious
9
said that unconscious consists of sexual & agressive instincts that are unacceptable to the conscious
freud
10
says that unconscious is not primarily sexual: more general motovations that may have spiritual content
jung
11
in the iceberg principle this part only reclects a small portion of our thoughts, sensations, and memories. is experienced by the senses and is limited
conscious ego
12
this is the storehouse of memories, perceptions and thoughts.
things that we are not aware of at the moment but can be easily summoned into consciousness
preconscious
13
is a part of the personality that represents internalized moral standards and ideals.
superego
14
concept that encompasses our instincts, wishes and desires that direct our behavior , basically influences our thoughts and behavior without our conscious awareness
unconscious
15
instinctual and primitive desire or unconscious energy
id
16
this is the proppelling forces of the personality, basic element of personality it satisfies need thus reducing tension
instincts
17
says that we are motivated to restore balance and maintain a condition of physiological equilibrium
a homeostatic approach
18
body stimulus or need.it is a biological source or bodily stimulus rooted in our basic physiological need. e.g thirst or hunger
source
19
under the characteristics of instincts this is the urge that propels us to satisfy our needs, or the amount of energy or intensity of need
impetus
20
under characteristics of instincts this is the goal and purpose. e.g the _____ of hunger is to consume food
aim
21
under the characteristics of instincts this is the person on _____ through which the aim may be satisfied.
it is the target or focus of the instinctual behavior. e.g sexual desire is to another person
object
22
one of the fundamental instincts in psychoanalysis. It is associated with the drive for self-preservation, pleasure, and the continuation of life. This instinct encompasses the desires for love, sexuality, creativity, and the pursuit of pleasure and satisfaction. It is believed to be the driving force behind behaviors that promote survival, growth, and the maintenance of physical and mental well-being.
the life instinct or eros
23
in the context of psychoanalysis, refers to the energy or life force associated with the sexual drive. It is a term coined by Sigmund Freud, who believed that it is the primary motivating force behind human behavior. It is not limited to sexual desire alone but encompasses a broader concept of psychic energy that fuels various aspects of life, including creativity, ambition, and emotional connections. It is considered a fundamental component of the life instinct, Eros.
libido
24
It is the investment of psychic energy towards a person or an object
cathexis
25
known as thanatos unconscious drive towards decay, destruction, and agression. Agressive drive
the death instinct
26
an objectless fear, a threat to the ego
anxiety
27
refers to the idea that the experience of birth can have a lasting impact on an individual's psychological well-being.
birth trauma
28
this anxiety involves fear of tangible dangers in the real world
This type of anxiety is a response to real, external threats or dangers in the environment. For example, if you're walking alone at night in a sketchy neighborhood and you start feeling anxious about your safety, that would be a case of reality anxiety. It's a natural response to a genuine risk or danger that you're facing.
reality/objective anxiety
29
this anxiety is the fear of being punished for impulsively displaying id-dominated behavior
neurotic anxiety
30
it is the fear of one's conscience
It occurs when individuals feel guilty or anxious about not living up to their own moral ideals or when they fear punishment or rejection for violating societal norms. For example, if someone feels anxious about speaking up against an injustice because they fear backlash or rejection from their social circle, that would be an example of moral anxiety. It's the anxiety that comes from not meeting one's own moral standards or societal expectations.
moral anxiety
31
this was later elaborated by anna freud
ego-defense mechanisms
32
blocking a wish or a desire from conscious experience
one of the ego defense mechanisms that involves unconsciously pushing away or blocking out thoughts, memories, or feelings that are too distressing or threatening to our conscious awareness. It's like putting those thoughts or memories into a hidden part of our mind, away from our conscious thoughts.
An example of repression could be someone who experienced a traumatic event in their childhood, such as a car accident. As a defense mechanism, they may repress the memory of the accident, blocking it from their conscious awareness. They might have difficulty recalling the details of the event or may have no memory of it at all.
repression
33
refusing to accept an unpleasant reality
denial
34
attributing an unconscious impulse, attitude, or behavior to another
an ego defense mechanism where individuals attribute their own unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or impulses onto someone else. It's like projecting our own unwanted aspects onto others, so we don't have to acknowledge or take responsibility for them ourselves.
For example, let's say someone has strong feelings of anger towards a friend, but they are unable to accept or confront those feelings. Instead, they may project their anger onto the friend and believe that the friend is the one who is always angry or hostile. In this way, they disown their own anger and place it onto someone else.
projection
35
expressing impulse by its opposite
an ego defense mechanism where individuals express thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that are the opposite of their true desires or impulses. It's like putting up a façade or adopting a behavior that is contrary to what one truly feels.
For example, let's say someone has strong feelings of anger towards a family member but finds those feelings unacceptable. Instead of expressing their anger, they may exhibit excessive kindness or affection towards that family member, almost overcompensating with love and care. This reaction formation allows them to hide or deny their true anger and present a more socially acceptable behavior.
reaction formation
36
returning to an earlier form expressing an impulse
regression
37
modeling one's behavior after the behavior of someone else
identification/introjection
38
identification of negative traits e.g becoming the abuser
identification with the agressor
39
renunciation of needs;ascetic lifestyle
ascetism
40
magical gestures to cancel out unpleasant thoughts and feelings. e.g. peace offering
refers to the act of trying to reverse or negate a previous thought, feeling, or behavior through symbolic gestures or actions. It's like attempting to "undo" or make up for something that has caused guilt or anxiety.
For example, let's say someone has an intrusive thought about harming someone they care about. To alleviate the distress caused by this thought, they may engage in undoing behaviors, such as repeatedly apologizing, seeking reassurance, or performing rituals to counteract the perceived harm.
undoing
41
dealing with an emotion intellectually to avoid emotional concern
an ego-defense mechanism, is when we provide logical or plausible explanations to justify or excuse our thoughts, feelings, or behaviors. It's like finding a seemingly reasonable explanation to make ourselves feel better about something that might otherwise be perceived as unacceptable or uncomfortable.
For example, let's say someone doesn't get a job they applied for. Instead of acknowledging their disappointment, they might rationalize the situation by saying that the job wasn't a good fit for them anyway, or that they didn't really want it in the first place. By doing this, they can protect their self-esteem and avoid facing the potential feelings of rejection.
rationalization
42
satisfying an impulse with a substitute object
an ego-defense mechanism, is when we redirect our emotions or impulses from their original target to a substitute target that is less threatening or more acceptable. It's like taking out our frustrations or anger on something or someone else instead of the actual source of our feelings.
For example, let's say you had a bad day at work and your boss yelled at you. Instead of expressing your anger towards your boss, you might go home and snap at your family members or kick a chair. By displacing your anger onto a safer target, you can avoid the potential consequences or conflicts that may arise from confronting the original source.
displacement
43
fulfill needs vicariously
can be seen as a form of vicarious fulfillment of needs in the sense that individuals may try to fulfill their own unmet needs or desires through others, such as their children. For example, parents may push their children to achieve certain goals or pursue specific paths in life that the parents themselves were unable to accomplish. By doing so, parents may experience a sense of fulfillment or satisfaction through their children's achievements. However, it's important to consider the potential impact on the children's own desires and autonomy. It's crucial to strike a balance between supporting and guiding children while allowing them to pursue their own dreams and aspirations.
altruistic surrender
44
strip emotion from difficult experience
an ego-defense mechanism, is when we separate or disconnect our thoughts, feelings, or memories from associated emotions. It's like putting a barrier between ourselves and certain experiences or memories to avoid feeling distress or discomfort.
For example, let's say someone experiences a traumatic event. Instead of feeling the emotions associated with that event, they may isolate or compartmentalize the memory, making it feel distant or disconnected from their current emotional state. This can help them cope with the overwhelming emotions that would otherwise arise.
isolation
45
displacement towards the self. e.g. suicide , self mutilation
an ego-defense mechanism, refers to a process where individuals direct their anger, frustration, or negative feelings towards themselves instead of towards others. It involves self-blame, self-criticism, or self-punishment as a way to cope with internal conflicts or external stressors.
For example, if someone feels angry or resentful towards someone else but cannot express or direct those feelings outwardly, they may turn the anger inward and become self-critical or self-destructive. This can manifest as self-sabotaging behaviors, self-harm, or even self-hatred.
turning against the self
46
anna o's real name
also the first social worker
bertha pappenheim
47
a form of displacement:client to therapist
transference
48
therapist to client
counter transference
49
when is personality crystallized?
5th-6th year
50
parts of the body that are sensitive to oleasure and sensual feelings : arousing sexual feelings when stimulated
erogenous zone
51
portion of libido that remains in a development stage, leaving less energy for the following stages
fixation
52
the source of this stage is mouth
oral passive: oral incorporate (take in)
oral aggressive: oral sadistic (biting)
oral stage 0-1
53
the source of this stage is the anus
erotic activity is retention/defacation
toilet training
anal expulsion(let go) A. Expulsive
anal repulsion(hold on) A. Retentive
anal stage 2-3
54
source is the genital
masturbation
phallic age 3-6
55
unconscious desire of boy for his mother
desire to replace/destroy the father
oedipus complex
56
fear that father will cut off the offending organ
castration anxiety
57
dsire of a girl for her father
penis envy
electra complex
58
in this stahe sexual impulse is supressed in the service of learning
latency period 7-12
59
this stage begins at puberty
genital stage
60
evaluation of freuds theory
deterministic pessimism causality unconscious low social influence;high on biological both unique and similar
61
freud and therapy
to make the unconscious, conscious
STS Pre History
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MIDDLE AGE
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B.F. SKINNER
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問題一覧
1
when was freud born
may 6 1856
2
freud focuses on?
neuropsychology:hysteria and sexuality
3
he studied how hysteria symptoms would slowly fade through talking candidly about their experiences
josef breuer
4
this is recalling experiences while confronting and coming to terms with it emotionally and intellectually
free association
5
this is the earliest approach to formal study of personality
psychoanalysis
6
unconscious forces, ___________, and agression, unavoidable cinflicts in early childhood:_______________.
biologically based drives of sex, rulers and shapers of personality
7
focused on the ________: we are not aware of the most important determinants of our behavior.
unconscious
8
motivations/energies that influence behavior and experience
dynamic conscious
9
said that unconscious consists of sexual & agressive instincts that are unacceptable to the conscious
freud
10
says that unconscious is not primarily sexual: more general motovations that may have spiritual content
jung
11
in the iceberg principle this part only reclects a small portion of our thoughts, sensations, and memories. is experienced by the senses and is limited
conscious ego
12
this is the storehouse of memories, perceptions and thoughts.
things that we are not aware of at the moment but can be easily summoned into consciousness
preconscious
13
is a part of the personality that represents internalized moral standards and ideals.
superego
14
concept that encompasses our instincts, wishes and desires that direct our behavior , basically influences our thoughts and behavior without our conscious awareness
unconscious
15
instinctual and primitive desire or unconscious energy
id
16
this is the proppelling forces of the personality, basic element of personality it satisfies need thus reducing tension
instincts
17
says that we are motivated to restore balance and maintain a condition of physiological equilibrium
a homeostatic approach
18
body stimulus or need.it is a biological source or bodily stimulus rooted in our basic physiological need. e.g thirst or hunger
source
19
under the characteristics of instincts this is the urge that propels us to satisfy our needs, or the amount of energy or intensity of need
impetus
20
under characteristics of instincts this is the goal and purpose. e.g the _____ of hunger is to consume food
aim
21
under the characteristics of instincts this is the person on _____ through which the aim may be satisfied.
it is the target or focus of the instinctual behavior. e.g sexual desire is to another person
object
22
one of the fundamental instincts in psychoanalysis. It is associated with the drive for self-preservation, pleasure, and the continuation of life. This instinct encompasses the desires for love, sexuality, creativity, and the pursuit of pleasure and satisfaction. It is believed to be the driving force behind behaviors that promote survival, growth, and the maintenance of physical and mental well-being.
the life instinct or eros
23
in the context of psychoanalysis, refers to the energy or life force associated with the sexual drive. It is a term coined by Sigmund Freud, who believed that it is the primary motivating force behind human behavior. It is not limited to sexual desire alone but encompasses a broader concept of psychic energy that fuels various aspects of life, including creativity, ambition, and emotional connections. It is considered a fundamental component of the life instinct, Eros.
libido
24
It is the investment of psychic energy towards a person or an object
cathexis
25
known as thanatos unconscious drive towards decay, destruction, and agression. Agressive drive
the death instinct
26
an objectless fear, a threat to the ego
anxiety
27
refers to the idea that the experience of birth can have a lasting impact on an individual's psychological well-being.
birth trauma
28
this anxiety involves fear of tangible dangers in the real world
This type of anxiety is a response to real, external threats or dangers in the environment. For example, if you're walking alone at night in a sketchy neighborhood and you start feeling anxious about your safety, that would be a case of reality anxiety. It's a natural response to a genuine risk or danger that you're facing.
reality/objective anxiety
29
this anxiety is the fear of being punished for impulsively displaying id-dominated behavior
neurotic anxiety
30
it is the fear of one's conscience
It occurs when individuals feel guilty or anxious about not living up to their own moral ideals or when they fear punishment or rejection for violating societal norms. For example, if someone feels anxious about speaking up against an injustice because they fear backlash or rejection from their social circle, that would be an example of moral anxiety. It's the anxiety that comes from not meeting one's own moral standards or societal expectations.
moral anxiety
31
this was later elaborated by anna freud
ego-defense mechanisms
32
blocking a wish or a desire from conscious experience
one of the ego defense mechanisms that involves unconsciously pushing away or blocking out thoughts, memories, or feelings that are too distressing or threatening to our conscious awareness. It's like putting those thoughts or memories into a hidden part of our mind, away from our conscious thoughts.
An example of repression could be someone who experienced a traumatic event in their childhood, such as a car accident. As a defense mechanism, they may repress the memory of the accident, blocking it from their conscious awareness. They might have difficulty recalling the details of the event or may have no memory of it at all.
repression
33
refusing to accept an unpleasant reality
denial
34
attributing an unconscious impulse, attitude, or behavior to another
an ego defense mechanism where individuals attribute their own unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or impulses onto someone else. It's like projecting our own unwanted aspects onto others, so we don't have to acknowledge or take responsibility for them ourselves.
For example, let's say someone has strong feelings of anger towards a friend, but they are unable to accept or confront those feelings. Instead, they may project their anger onto the friend and believe that the friend is the one who is always angry or hostile. In this way, they disown their own anger and place it onto someone else.
projection
35
expressing impulse by its opposite
an ego defense mechanism where individuals express thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that are the opposite of their true desires or impulses. It's like putting up a façade or adopting a behavior that is contrary to what one truly feels.
For example, let's say someone has strong feelings of anger towards a family member but finds those feelings unacceptable. Instead of expressing their anger, they may exhibit excessive kindness or affection towards that family member, almost overcompensating with love and care. This reaction formation allows them to hide or deny their true anger and present a more socially acceptable behavior.
reaction formation
36
returning to an earlier form expressing an impulse
regression
37
modeling one's behavior after the behavior of someone else
identification/introjection
38
identification of negative traits e.g becoming the abuser
identification with the agressor
39
renunciation of needs;ascetic lifestyle
ascetism
40
magical gestures to cancel out unpleasant thoughts and feelings. e.g. peace offering
refers to the act of trying to reverse or negate a previous thought, feeling, or behavior through symbolic gestures or actions. It's like attempting to "undo" or make up for something that has caused guilt or anxiety.
For example, let's say someone has an intrusive thought about harming someone they care about. To alleviate the distress caused by this thought, they may engage in undoing behaviors, such as repeatedly apologizing, seeking reassurance, or performing rituals to counteract the perceived harm.
undoing
41
dealing with an emotion intellectually to avoid emotional concern
an ego-defense mechanism, is when we provide logical or plausible explanations to justify or excuse our thoughts, feelings, or behaviors. It's like finding a seemingly reasonable explanation to make ourselves feel better about something that might otherwise be perceived as unacceptable or uncomfortable.
For example, let's say someone doesn't get a job they applied for. Instead of acknowledging their disappointment, they might rationalize the situation by saying that the job wasn't a good fit for them anyway, or that they didn't really want it in the first place. By doing this, they can protect their self-esteem and avoid facing the potential feelings of rejection.
rationalization
42
satisfying an impulse with a substitute object
an ego-defense mechanism, is when we redirect our emotions or impulses from their original target to a substitute target that is less threatening or more acceptable. It's like taking out our frustrations or anger on something or someone else instead of the actual source of our feelings.
For example, let's say you had a bad day at work and your boss yelled at you. Instead of expressing your anger towards your boss, you might go home and snap at your family members or kick a chair. By displacing your anger onto a safer target, you can avoid the potential consequences or conflicts that may arise from confronting the original source.
displacement
43
fulfill needs vicariously
can be seen as a form of vicarious fulfillment of needs in the sense that individuals may try to fulfill their own unmet needs or desires through others, such as their children. For example, parents may push their children to achieve certain goals or pursue specific paths in life that the parents themselves were unable to accomplish. By doing so, parents may experience a sense of fulfillment or satisfaction through their children's achievements. However, it's important to consider the potential impact on the children's own desires and autonomy. It's crucial to strike a balance between supporting and guiding children while allowing them to pursue their own dreams and aspirations.
altruistic surrender
44
strip emotion from difficult experience
an ego-defense mechanism, is when we separate or disconnect our thoughts, feelings, or memories from associated emotions. It's like putting a barrier between ourselves and certain experiences or memories to avoid feeling distress or discomfort.
For example, let's say someone experiences a traumatic event. Instead of feeling the emotions associated with that event, they may isolate or compartmentalize the memory, making it feel distant or disconnected from their current emotional state. This can help them cope with the overwhelming emotions that would otherwise arise.
isolation
45
displacement towards the self. e.g. suicide , self mutilation
an ego-defense mechanism, refers to a process where individuals direct their anger, frustration, or negative feelings towards themselves instead of towards others. It involves self-blame, self-criticism, or self-punishment as a way to cope with internal conflicts or external stressors.
For example, if someone feels angry or resentful towards someone else but cannot express or direct those feelings outwardly, they may turn the anger inward and become self-critical or self-destructive. This can manifest as self-sabotaging behaviors, self-harm, or even self-hatred.
turning against the self
46
anna o's real name
also the first social worker
bertha pappenheim
47
a form of displacement:client to therapist
transference
48
therapist to client
counter transference
49
when is personality crystallized?
5th-6th year
50
parts of the body that are sensitive to oleasure and sensual feelings : arousing sexual feelings when stimulated
erogenous zone
51
portion of libido that remains in a development stage, leaving less energy for the following stages
fixation
52
the source of this stage is mouth
oral passive: oral incorporate (take in)
oral aggressive: oral sadistic (biting)
oral stage 0-1
53
the source of this stage is the anus
erotic activity is retention/defacation
toilet training
anal expulsion(let go) A. Expulsive
anal repulsion(hold on) A. Retentive
anal stage 2-3
54
source is the genital
masturbation
phallic age 3-6
55
unconscious desire of boy for his mother
desire to replace/destroy the father
oedipus complex
56
fear that father will cut off the offending organ
castration anxiety
57
dsire of a girl for her father
penis envy
electra complex
58
in this stahe sexual impulse is supressed in the service of learning
latency period 7-12
59
this stage begins at puberty
genital stage
60
evaluation of freuds theory
deterministic pessimism causality unconscious low social influence;high on biological both unique and similar
61
freud and therapy
to make the unconscious, conscious