Manages all resources and decides between conflicting requests for efficient and fair resource use

Controls execution of programs to prevent errors and improper use of the computer

________ is a program in executio and needs certain resources, including CPU time, memory, files, and I/O devices to accomplish its task.

If processes are dependent, then they may try to share same resources, thus task of ______________ comes to the picture.

If processes are _________, then a due care needs to be taken to avoid their overlapping in memory area.

____________ is a large array of words or bytes, each with its own address. It is a repository of quickly accessible data shared by the CPU and I/O devices.

is a volatile storage device. When the computer made turn off everything stored in RAM will be erased automatically.

_________ is a collection of related information defined by its creator.

________ provide the conventions for the encoding, storage and management of data on a storage device such as a hard disk.

_______ are components on the motherboard (or on expansion cards) that act as an interface between the CPU and the actual device.

_________, which are the operating system software components that interact with the devices controllers.

A special device (inside CPU) called the ___________handles the task of receiving interrupt requests and prioritizes them to be forwarded to the processor.

The operating system uses password protection to protect user data and similar other techniques. It also prevents unauthorized access to programs and user data by assigning access right permission to files and directories.

Recording delays between request for a service and response from the system. • The operating system monitors the overall health of the system in order to optimize performance. • To get a thorough picture of the system’s health, keep track of the time between system responses and service requests.

Keeping track of time and resources used by various jobs and users.

The operating system maintains track of how much time and resources are consumed by different tasks and users, and this data can be used to measure _____________ for a specific user or group of users.

The OS constantly monitors the system in order to discover faults and prevent a computer system from failing. • It provides protection of dumps, traces, error messages, and other debugging and error detecting aids.

Coordination and assignment of compilers, interpreters, assemblers, and other software to the various users of the computer systems.

is the primary software installed on a computer that manages all the hardware and other software on a computer.

The first true digital computer was designed by English mathematician ___________

Computer had a Mechanical Design, It was slow and unreliable and they are known as _______

The First Generation started from 1945 to 1955 were technology has been used as a vacuum tubes and operating system was not present and the language was a machine language which is called _________

____________ created the first operating system in the early 1950s.It was called GMOs and is used to run single IBM (International Business Machines) mainframe computers. This machine performs in large computer rooms and is handled by professional operators.

The second generation was from ___________ were technology was transistors, operating system is present, and the language was used assembly and high level language.

Around 1955, transistors were introduced and first operating system was ___________ was introduce in a computers, and also FORTRAN is a high level language was used.

By the late 1960‘s Operating System designers were able to develop the system of _____________ in which a computer program will be able to perform multiple jobs at the same time

In the same year, the first version of the ______ operating system was created.

Third generation was from 1965-1975 were technology was ___________, operating system was present and the language was used is high level language.

In the 3rd generation computers are based on Integrated Circuits and was invented by ________ and _________ in 1958-1959.

In the 1980s, IBM was creating a new PC and approached Bill Gates and together found a suitable operating system called the DOS later called________ (Microsoft Disk Operating System).

____________ of the Stanford Research Institute soon invented the GUI (Graphical User Interface), it uses icons, menus, and windows for easier access and is user-friendly.

_________, co-inventor of Apple computer, adapted GUI and Apple Macintosh became a huge success not only because it is cheaper but with the adaption of GUI it is user-friendly.

The users of this type of operating system does not interact with the computer directly. Each user prepares his job on an off-line device like punch cards and submits it to the computer operator

• This type of OS is used to execute more than one jobs simultaneously by a single processor. • It increases CPU utilization by organizing jobs so that the CPU always has one job to execute. • ______________ use the mechanism of job scheduling and CPU scheduling.

Each task is given some time to execute so that all the tasks work smoothly.

time-sharing operating system are also known as __________ in which the task can be from a single user or different users also.

• The time that each task gets to execute is called ____________. • After this time interval is over OS switches over to the next task.

Such operating systems have more than one processor in close communication that sharing the computer bus, the clock and sometimes memory and peripheral devices. • It executes multiple jobs at the same time and makes the processing faster.

Multiprocessor operating systems are also known as ____________ or tightly coupled OS.

Various autonomous interconnected computers communicate with each other using a shared communication network. Independent systems possess their own memory unit and CPU.

distributed operating system are referred to as __________ systems.

These systems run on a server and provide the capability to manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and other networking functions. popularly known as tightly coupled systems.

These types of OSs serve real-time systems. • The time interval required to process and respond to inputs is very small. • This time interval is called response time.

An ______________ is one that is built into the circuitry of an electronic device

• Single User Single Tasking OS. • It had no built-in support for networking, and users had to manually install drivers any time they added a new hardware component to their PC.

• The graphical Microsoft operating system designed for Intel-platform desktop and notebook computers. • Best known, greatest selection of applications available.

User-friendly, runs on Mac hardware. Many applications available.

An open-source, cross-platform operating system that runs on desktops, notebooks, tablets, and smartphones.

Is a popular thin client operating system.

A computer with minimal hardware, designed for a specific task. For example, a thin web client is designed for using the Internet.

Familiar GUI interface for those experienced with Windows

Very mature server capabilities, time-tested, large user community, stable

Free, customizable, many free services and utilities available

An operating system that comes preinstalled on a chip on a portable device such as a smartphone.

-created operating system for Apple tablets and phones.

a popular OS for smartphones and tablets, is based on Linux Kernel.