OS_ module 1
問題一覧
1
Manages all resources
and decides between conflicting requests for efficient and
fair resource use
resource allocator
2
Controls execution of programs to prevent errors and
improper use of the computer
control program
3
________ is a program in executio and needs certain resources, including CPU time, memory, files,
and I/O devices to accomplish its task.
process management
4
If processes are dependent, then they may try to share same resources, thus task of ______________ comes to the picture.
process synchronization
5
If processes are _________, then a due care needs to be taken to avoid their overlapping in memory area.
independent
6
____________ is a large array of words or bytes, each with its own address.
It is a repository of quickly accessible data shared by the CPU and
I/O devices.
memory management
7
is a volatile storage device. When the computer made turn off everything stored in RAM will be erased automatically.
main memory
8
_________ is a collection of related information defined by its creator.
file management
9
________ provide the conventions for the encoding, storage and
management of data on a storage device such as a hard disk.
file systems
10
_______ are components on the motherboard (or on expansion
cards) that act as an interface between the CPU and the actual device.
device controllers
11
_________, which are the operating system software components that interact with the devices controllers.
device drivers
12
A special device (inside CPU) called the ___________handles the task of receiving interrupt requests and prioritizes them to be forwarded to the processor.
interrupt controller
13
The operating system uses password protection to protect user
data and similar other techniques. It also prevents unauthorized access to programs and user data by
assigning access right permission to files and directories.
security and protection
14
Recording delays between request for a service and
response from the system.
• The operating system monitors the overall health of the
system in order to optimize performance.
• To get a thorough picture of the system’s health, keep track
of the time between system responses and service
requests.
control over system performance
15
Keeping track of time and resources used by
various jobs and users.
job accounting
16
The operating system maintains track of how much
time and resources are consumed by different tasks
and users, and this data can be used to measure
_____________ for a specific user or group of
users.
resource utilization
17
The OS constantly monitors the system in order to discover faults and prevent a computer system from failing.
• It provides protection of dumps, traces, error messages, and
other debugging and error detecting aids.
error detecting aids
18
Coordination and assignment of compilers, interpreters,
assemblers, and other software to the various users of the computer systems.
coordination between other software and users
19
is the primary software installed on a computer that manages all the hardware and other software on a computer.
operating system
20
The first true digital computer was designed by English mathematician ___________
Charles Babbage
21
Computer had a Mechanical Design, It was slow and unreliable and they are known as _______
analytical engine
22
The First Generation started from 1945 to 1955 were technology has been used as a vacuum tubes and operating system was not present and the language was a machine language which is called _________
binary language
23
____________ created the first operating system in the early 1950s.It was called GMOs and is used to run single IBM (International Business Machines) mainframe computers. This machine performs in large computer rooms and is handled by professional operators.
general motors
24
The second generation was from ___________ were technology was transistors, operating system is present, and the language was used assembly and high level
language.
1955 to 1965
25
Around 1955, transistors were introduced and first operating system was ___________ was introduce in a computers, and also FORTRAN is a high
level language was used.
fortran monitor system
26
By the late 1960‘s Operating System designers were able to develop the system of _____________ in which a computer program will be able to perform multiple jobs at the same time
multiprogramming
27
In the same year, the first version of the ______ operating system was created.
UNIX
28
Third generation was from 1965-1975 were technology was ___________, operating system was present and the
language was used is high level language.
integrated circuits
29
In the 3rd generation computers are based on Integrated Circuits and was invented by ________ and _________ in 1958-1959.
Robert Noyce, Jack Kilby
30
In the 1980s, IBM was creating a new PC and approached Bill Gates and together found a suitable operating system called
the DOS later called________ (Microsoft Disk Operating System).
MS-DOS
31
____________ of the Stanford Research Institute soon invented the GUI (Graphical User Interface), it uses icons,
menus, and windows for easier access and is user-friendly.
Doug Engelbart
32
_________, co-inventor of Apple computer, adapted GUI and Apple Macintosh became a huge success not only because it is cheaper but with the adaption of GUI it is user-friendly.
Steve Jobs
33
The users of this type of operating system does not interact with the computer directly. Each user prepares his job on an off-line device like punch cards and submits it to the computer operator
batch operating system
34
• This type of OS is used to execute more than one jobs simultaneously by a single processor.
• It increases CPU utilization by organizing jobs so that the CPU always has one job to
execute.
• ______________ use the mechanism of job scheduling and CPU
scheduling.
multiprogramming operating system
35
Each task is given some time to execute so that all the tasks work smoothly.
time-sharing operating system
36
time-sharing operating system are also known as __________ in which the task can be from a single user or different users also.
multi-tasking operating system
37
• The time that each task gets to execute is
called ____________.
• After this time interval is over OS switches
over to the next task.
quantum
38
Such operating systems have more than one processor in close
communication that sharing the computer bus, the clock and sometimes memory and peripheral devices.
• It executes multiple jobs at the same time and makes the processing
faster.
multiprocessor operating system
39
Multiprocessor operating systems are also known as ____________ or tightly
coupled OS.
parallel OS
40
Various autonomous interconnected computers
communicate with each other using a shared communication
network. Independent systems possess their own memory unit and CPU.
distributed operating system
41
distributed operating system are referred to as __________ systems.
loosely coupled
42
These systems run on a server and provide the capability to
manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and other
networking functions. popularly known as tightly coupled systems.
network operating system
43
These types of OSs serve real-time systems.
• The time interval required to process and respond to inputs is very small.
• This time interval is called response time.
real-time operating system
44
An ______________ is one that is built into the circuitry
of an electronic device
embedded operating system
45
• Single User Single Tasking OS.
• It had no built-in support for networking, and users had to manually install drivers any time they added a new hardware component to their PC.
MS-DOS
46
• The graphical Microsoft operating system designed for Intel-platform desktop and notebook computers.
• Best known, greatest selection of applications available.
microsoft windows
47
User-friendly, runs on Mac hardware. Many applications available.
Mac OS
48
An open-source, cross-platform operating system that runs on desktops, notebooks, tablets, and smartphones.
linux
49
Is a popular thin client operating system.
Chrome OS
50
A computer with minimal hardware, designed for a
specific task. For example, a thin web client is designed for using the Internet.
thin client
51
Familiar GUI interface for those experienced with Windows
window server
52
Very mature server capabilities, time-tested, large user
community, stable
UNIX
53
Free, customizable, many free services and utilities available
linux
54
An operating system that comes preinstalled on a chip on a portable device such as a smartphone.
system-on-chip
55
-created
operating system for Apple tablets and phones.
apple
56
a popular OS for smartphones and tablets, is based on Linux Kernel.
android
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35問 • 1年前問題一覧
1
Manages all resources
and decides between conflicting requests for efficient and
fair resource use
resource allocator
2
Controls execution of programs to prevent errors and
improper use of the computer
control program
3
________ is a program in executio and needs certain resources, including CPU time, memory, files,
and I/O devices to accomplish its task.
process management
4
If processes are dependent, then they may try to share same resources, thus task of ______________ comes to the picture.
process synchronization
5
If processes are _________, then a due care needs to be taken to avoid their overlapping in memory area.
independent
6
____________ is a large array of words or bytes, each with its own address.
It is a repository of quickly accessible data shared by the CPU and
I/O devices.
memory management
7
is a volatile storage device. When the computer made turn off everything stored in RAM will be erased automatically.
main memory
8
_________ is a collection of related information defined by its creator.
file management
9
________ provide the conventions for the encoding, storage and
management of data on a storage device such as a hard disk.
file systems
10
_______ are components on the motherboard (or on expansion
cards) that act as an interface between the CPU and the actual device.
device controllers
11
_________, which are the operating system software components that interact with the devices controllers.
device drivers
12
A special device (inside CPU) called the ___________handles the task of receiving interrupt requests and prioritizes them to be forwarded to the processor.
interrupt controller
13
The operating system uses password protection to protect user
data and similar other techniques. It also prevents unauthorized access to programs and user data by
assigning access right permission to files and directories.
security and protection
14
Recording delays between request for a service and
response from the system.
• The operating system monitors the overall health of the
system in order to optimize performance.
• To get a thorough picture of the system’s health, keep track
of the time between system responses and service
requests.
control over system performance
15
Keeping track of time and resources used by
various jobs and users.
job accounting
16
The operating system maintains track of how much
time and resources are consumed by different tasks
and users, and this data can be used to measure
_____________ for a specific user or group of
users.
resource utilization
17
The OS constantly monitors the system in order to discover faults and prevent a computer system from failing.
• It provides protection of dumps, traces, error messages, and
other debugging and error detecting aids.
error detecting aids
18
Coordination and assignment of compilers, interpreters,
assemblers, and other software to the various users of the computer systems.
coordination between other software and users
19
is the primary software installed on a computer that manages all the hardware and other software on a computer.
operating system
20
The first true digital computer was designed by English mathematician ___________
Charles Babbage
21
Computer had a Mechanical Design, It was slow and unreliable and they are known as _______
analytical engine
22
The First Generation started from 1945 to 1955 were technology has been used as a vacuum tubes and operating system was not present and the language was a machine language which is called _________
binary language
23
____________ created the first operating system in the early 1950s.It was called GMOs and is used to run single IBM (International Business Machines) mainframe computers. This machine performs in large computer rooms and is handled by professional operators.
general motors
24
The second generation was from ___________ were technology was transistors, operating system is present, and the language was used assembly and high level
language.
1955 to 1965
25
Around 1955, transistors were introduced and first operating system was ___________ was introduce in a computers, and also FORTRAN is a high
level language was used.
fortran monitor system
26
By the late 1960‘s Operating System designers were able to develop the system of _____________ in which a computer program will be able to perform multiple jobs at the same time
multiprogramming
27
In the same year, the first version of the ______ operating system was created.
UNIX
28
Third generation was from 1965-1975 were technology was ___________, operating system was present and the
language was used is high level language.
integrated circuits
29
In the 3rd generation computers are based on Integrated Circuits and was invented by ________ and _________ in 1958-1959.
Robert Noyce, Jack Kilby
30
In the 1980s, IBM was creating a new PC and approached Bill Gates and together found a suitable operating system called
the DOS later called________ (Microsoft Disk Operating System).
MS-DOS
31
____________ of the Stanford Research Institute soon invented the GUI (Graphical User Interface), it uses icons,
menus, and windows for easier access and is user-friendly.
Doug Engelbart
32
_________, co-inventor of Apple computer, adapted GUI and Apple Macintosh became a huge success not only because it is cheaper but with the adaption of GUI it is user-friendly.
Steve Jobs
33
The users of this type of operating system does not interact with the computer directly. Each user prepares his job on an off-line device like punch cards and submits it to the computer operator
batch operating system
34
• This type of OS is used to execute more than one jobs simultaneously by a single processor.
• It increases CPU utilization by organizing jobs so that the CPU always has one job to
execute.
• ______________ use the mechanism of job scheduling and CPU
scheduling.
multiprogramming operating system
35
Each task is given some time to execute so that all the tasks work smoothly.
time-sharing operating system
36
time-sharing operating system are also known as __________ in which the task can be from a single user or different users also.
multi-tasking operating system
37
• The time that each task gets to execute is
called ____________.
• After this time interval is over OS switches
over to the next task.
quantum
38
Such operating systems have more than one processor in close
communication that sharing the computer bus, the clock and sometimes memory and peripheral devices.
• It executes multiple jobs at the same time and makes the processing
faster.
multiprocessor operating system
39
Multiprocessor operating systems are also known as ____________ or tightly
coupled OS.
parallel OS
40
Various autonomous interconnected computers
communicate with each other using a shared communication
network. Independent systems possess their own memory unit and CPU.
distributed operating system
41
distributed operating system are referred to as __________ systems.
loosely coupled
42
These systems run on a server and provide the capability to
manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and other
networking functions. popularly known as tightly coupled systems.
network operating system
43
These types of OSs serve real-time systems.
• The time interval required to process and respond to inputs is very small.
• This time interval is called response time.
real-time operating system
44
An ______________ is one that is built into the circuitry
of an electronic device
embedded operating system
45
• Single User Single Tasking OS.
• It had no built-in support for networking, and users had to manually install drivers any time they added a new hardware component to their PC.
MS-DOS
46
• The graphical Microsoft operating system designed for Intel-platform desktop and notebook computers.
• Best known, greatest selection of applications available.
microsoft windows
47
User-friendly, runs on Mac hardware. Many applications available.
Mac OS
48
An open-source, cross-platform operating system that runs on desktops, notebooks, tablets, and smartphones.
linux
49
Is a popular thin client operating system.
Chrome OS
50
A computer with minimal hardware, designed for a
specific task. For example, a thin web client is designed for using the Internet.
thin client
51
Familiar GUI interface for those experienced with Windows
window server
52
Very mature server capabilities, time-tested, large user
community, stable
UNIX
53
Free, customizable, many free services and utilities available
linux
54
An operating system that comes preinstalled on a chip on a portable device such as a smartphone.
system-on-chip
55
-created
operating system for Apple tablets and phones.
apple
56
a popular OS for smartphones and tablets, is based on Linux Kernel.
android