問題一覧
1
state may be new, ready, running, wayed, halted
process state
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operates at a high-level, typically used in batch-processing
long term or job scheduler
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resume operations
state restore
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indicates the address of the next instruction
program counter
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task where switching the CPU core to another process.
context switch
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controls the degree of multi-programming
long term or job scheduler
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responsible for suspending and resuming process
medium-term scheduler
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vary in number and type. include accumulators, index registers, stack pointers, and general-purpose registers. this state information must be saved when an interruption occurs
cpu registers
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process is chosen from the ready queue by the CPU for execution
running
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waiting for a certain event to occur
wait queue
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amount of CPU and real time used
accounting information
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stack pointer and other general purpose register values
CPU state
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mainly does swapping
medium-term scheduler
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performs a state save of the current state of the CPU core
state save
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also called task control block
process control block
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a process's resource cannot be taken before the prpcess has finished running
non-preemptive
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open files, network connections, sound channels
set of operating system resources
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number of processes present in a ready state
degree of multi-programming
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all scheduling algorithms are used
short term or cpu scheduler
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list of devices allocated to the process, a list of open files.
I/O status information
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when a running process transitions to a waiting state, resources are switched
non-preemptive
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never more than one process running at a time
single cpu core
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requires performing a state save of the current process
context switch
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process is about to be created. present in secondary memory
new
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whenever the process is waiting for an event, it enters the ______ state or _____ state
waiting (blocked)
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helpful in maintaining a perfect balance and reduces the degree of multiprogramming
medium-term scheduler
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The _______, indicating the next instruction
program counter (pc)
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this contains code (instructions) and data (static data, heap data, stack) for the running program
address space
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responsible for loading the process by the short term scheduler ln the CPU (Ready to Running State)
dispatcher
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processes that are ready for execution are maintained in a queue called _____
ready queue
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can run multiple processes at one time
multicore system
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includes a process priority pointers to scheduling queues
cpu-scheduling information
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brings the new process to the Ready State
long term or job scheduler
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process switches from running state to ready state or from waiting state to ready state
preemptive
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Operating System assigns resources to a process for a predetermined period of time
preemptive
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responsible for selecting one process from the ready state
short term or cpu scheduler
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a program in execution
process
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process is released or de-allocated
terminated
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processes that are ready to run
ready queue
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determine how the process is handled by the operating system kernel
process state
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selects an available process for program execution on a core
process scheduler
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responsible for ensuring no starvation due to high burst time processes
cpu scheduler
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value of the base and limit registers and the page tables of the segment tables
memory-management information
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improves the process mix or because a change in memory requirements have overcommitted available memory
swapping