問題一覧
1
a program in execution
process
2
this contains code (instructions) and data (static data, heap data, stack) for the running program
address space
3
The _______, indicating the next instruction
program counter (pc)
4
stack pointer and other general purpose register values
CPU state
5
determine how the process is handled by the operating system kernel
process state
6
process is about to be created. present in secondary memory
new
7
process is chosen from the ready queue by the CPU for execution
running
8
whenever the process is waiting for an event, it enters the ______ state or _____ state
waiting (blocked)
9
processes that are ready for execution are maintained in a queue called _____
ready queue
10
process is released or de-allocated
terminated
11
also called task control block
process control block
12
state may be new, ready, running, wayed, halted
process state
13
indicates the address of the next instruction
program counter
14
vary in number and type. include accumulators, index registers, stack pointers, and general-purpose registers. this state information must be saved when an interruption occurs
cpu registers
15
includes a process priority pointers to scheduling queues
cpu-scheduling information
16
value of the base and limit registers and the page tables of the segment tables
memory-management information
17
amount of CPU and real time used
accounting information
18
list of devices allocated to the process, a list of open files.
I/O status information
19
selects an available process for program execution on a core
process scheduler
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processes that are ready to run
ready queue
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waiting for a certain event to occur
wait queue
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task where switching the CPU core to another process.
context switch
23
requires performing a state save of the current process
context switch
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performs a state save of the current state of the CPU core
state save
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resume operations
state restore
26
a process's resource cannot be taken before the prpcess has finished running
non-preemptive
27
when a running process transitions to a waiting state, resources are switched
non-preemptive
28
Operating System assigns resources to a process for a predetermined period of time
preemptive
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process switches from running state to ready state or from waiting state to ready state
preemptive
30
brings the new process to the Ready State
long term or job scheduler
31
controls the degree of multi-programming
long term or job scheduler
32
number of processes present in a ready state
degree of multi-programming
33
operates at a high-level, typically used in batch-processing
long term or job scheduler
34
responsible for selecting one process from the ready state
short term or cpu scheduler
35
all scheduling algorithms are used
short term or cpu scheduler
36
responsible for ensuring no starvation due to high burst time processes
cpu scheduler
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responsible for loading the process by the short term scheduler ln the CPU (Ready to Running State)
dispatcher
38
responsible for suspending and resuming process
medium-term scheduler
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mainly does swapping
medium-term scheduler
40
improves the process mix or because a change in memory requirements have overcommitted available memory
swapping
41
helpful in maintaining a perfect balance and reduces the degree of multiprogramming
medium-term scheduler
42
open files, network connections, sound channels
set of operating system resources
43
never more than one process running at a time
single cpu core
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can run multiple processes at one time
multicore system