The more an animal uses a body part, the more developed it becomes (and vice-versa)

Characteristics an organism develops or acquires in its lifetime can be passed on to its offspring

Species with short reproductive rates; like bacteria, evolve quickly. Bacteria reproduce about every...?

The slow, gradual change in a species over time.

Any trace or remains of an organism that has been preserved by natural processes.

YEAR OF LAMARCK'S THEORY

Means thousands to millions of years

How to know evolutionary relationships?

This is a structural evidence in which organisms has similr internal structure, but different form and function.

Structural evidence in which organisms has similar external form and function but different internal attucture

A structural evidence in which these are remnant of structures thta were functional but are now reduced in size and serve little or no purpose.

A structural evidence in wjich organisms are compared in terms of their embryos at various stages.

MOLECULAR EVIDENCE This is the technique to separate DNA fragments according to size

THE FATHER OF EVOLUTION

Charles Darwin's birthday

CHARLES DARWIN Species produce more offspring than can survive.

CHARLES DARWIN Liviing soace and food are limited so organisms compete to gain these resources.

CHARLES DARWIN Those individuals with favorable variations will have greater chance of living long enough to reproduce.

CHARLES DARWIN Organisms with variation that make them better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce. -- pass to their offspring

Charles Darwin The accumulated changes becomes big that the result is a new species.

PART OF NATURAL SELECTION — an extreme phenotype becomes favorable ex… long neck giraffes

NATURAL SELECTION - the average phenotype becomes favorable and the extremes are unfavorable

NATURAL SELECTION - two opposite phenotypes become favorable and the average is unfavorable

VI. The Rate of Evolution (based on Darwin ’ s ideas)… species arise through gradual accumulation of small variations…evolution is slow and continuous over millions of years.

VI. The Rate of Evolution species remain the same (in equilibrium) for extended periods of time- evolution occurs quickly for short periods of time.

VII. SOURCES OF GENETIC VARIATION • : Randomchanges in the genetic makeup of an organism. (Actually a rare event, but causes new traits to arise).

VII. SOURCES OF GENETIC VARIATION • : Gametes uniting during fertilization. (Included within this is concept are meiosis and crossing over).

VII. SOURCES OF GENETIC VARIATION • : New traits being brought into a population or taking traits out of a population. Has the greatest effect on small populations.

VII. SOURCES OF GENETIC VARIATION • : Affects small populations; changes in the gene pool due to storms, a catastrophe, etc. Harmful because it tends to decrease the gene pool. Not significant in large populations.

Focuses on the population rather than the individual.

The study of changes in the genetic makeup of populations.

How often a particular allele (trait) is found within a population.

The total of all the alleles present in a population.

The modern theory of evolution is Mathematically explained by ?

Involves parts of the body ( wings for flying, fins for swimming).

Involves metabolism of the organism (poison venom).

TWO MORE CONCEPTS Natural selection that causes non- related species to resemble one another.

Two or more species evolve in response to each other through competitive or cooperative adaptations. Example are flowers and their pollinators.

When did Charles Darwin published his “ On the Origin of Species”?

When did Charles Darwin died?

When did Charles Darwin took HMS Beagle?

When did Charles Darwin arrived on Galapagos Island?