問題一覧
1
Two broad types of igneous rocks
intrusive (plutonic) rocks, extrusive (volcanic) rocks
2
is a fundamental concept that shows the transitions among the three basic rock types (metamorphic, igneous and sedimentary). In simple terms, it is a chain of processes that produce and transform the rock types in Earth’s crust.
rock cycle
3
Metamorphic
marble, slate, quartzite, gneiss
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Igneous
granite, scoria, pumice, obsidian
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a naturally occurring substance with distinctive chemical and physical properties, composition and atomic structure.
mineral
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3 kinds of sedimentary rocks
clastic, organic (biological), chemical
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any piece of naturally existing solid mass or aggregate of one or more minerals.
rock
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started out as some other type of rock, but have been substantially changed from their original igneous, sedimentary, or earlier metamorphic form. _______ rocks form when rocks are subjected to high heat, high pressure, hot mineral-rich fluids or, more commonly, some combination of these factors.
metamorphic rocks
9
When rocks are pushed deep under the earth’s surface, they may melt into magma. If the conditions no longer exist for the magma to stay in its liquid state, it will solidify into an _____
igneous
10
What are the 5 minerals in rocks
silicates, carbonates, sulfates, halides, oxides
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7 major minerals
calcium, chloride, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, sulfur
12
The rock exposed to high temperatures and pressures can be changed physically or chemically to form a different rock, called .
metamorphic
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Types of igneous rocks texture
aphanitic, phaneritic, pegmatitic
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4 main types of igneous rocks
felsic, intermediate, mafic, ultramafic
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got their name from Latin ignis, meaning “fire”. This makes sense because rthese rocks are formed by volcanic activity. The temperature is very high that materials melt. MAGMA is molten rocks generated by partial melting of rocks in Earth’s mantle. Magma consists mainly of silicon(silica SiO2) oxygen and lesses amounts of Aluminun (Al), calcium (Ca) sodium (Na) potassium(K), magnesium(Mg) iron(Fe)
igneous rocks
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Sedimentary
sandstone, limestone, shale, conglomerate, gypsum
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are formed from pre-existing rocks or pieces of once-living organisms. They form from deposits that accumulate on the Earth's surface. ________ often have distinctive layering or bedding. _______ rocks are formed from deposits of pre-existing rocks or pieces of once-living organism that accumulate on the Earth's surface. If sediment is buried deeply, it becomes compacted and cemented, forming _______ rock.
sedimentary rocks
18
What are the 10 examples of rock minerals? (The big 10)
olivine, augite, hornblende, biotite, calcium-rich plagioclase (anorthite), sodium-rich plagioclase (albite), potassium-rich feldspar (commonly orthoclase), muscovite, quartz, calcite
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are generally made up of two of more minerals, mixed up through geological processes.
rocks
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3 main types of rocks
sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic
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Rocks exposed to the atmosphere are very unstable and subject to the processes of weathering and erosion. This process breaks the original rock down into smaller fragments and carries away dissolved materials. _____rocks form from deposits that accumulate on the Earth’s surface.
sedimentary