length from the CEJ to apex (entire root)

used for children and adolescents under 18 , a screenign tool, assess 6 teeth- all 6, UR1 and LL1, uses codes 0-2 for 7-11 year olds , uses all codes (0-4) and * for 12-17 year olds

Grave’s disease- autoimmune linked to thyroid

parotid

4 working sides, works in circles (elliptical), 2-4mm working end, water helps to cool it

alveolar crest

greater than 1mm of horizontal (facial-lingual) movement

CEJ to gingival margin , + number

a graduated scale with upper and lower limits , quick- simple, easy to apply , objectivity- no unambiguous, clear criteria , validity- measure what is intended to measure so accommodates with clinical stages of disease, acceptability- pain free for pt, reliability- should measure consistenlu at different times, no expernsive equipments

hard and soft tissues , lamina dura- hard bony lining of alveolus or socket of tooth, roots , restorations, abnormalities , lesions

preauricular

A- lingual torus , B- lingual ranula , C- floor of the mouth cancer , D- lingual salivary stone (calculi)

1-3= mirror sticks to buccal mucosa, sticks to tongue, frothy saliva , 4-6= no saliva pooling at FOM, tongue shows generalised shortened papilla (mild), altered gingival texture (smooth), 7-10- glassy mucosa and palate, fissured tongue, cervical cavities (>2 teeth), debris on palate and teeth

anti plaque agent

(CEJ->alveolar crest) / (entire root length) x 100 divided by patient age

basal bone/ body of maxillary

angular chelitis- cracking, fungal or bacterial

ad- visibility , ad- complete isolation, prevent inhalation , reduces mouth breathing , ad- protection for staff , ad- reduces time , dis- difficult communication , dis- pt tolerance , dis- excess drying, latex allergy, , dis- LA needed, time and skill required, suitability for clamp, dis- gingiva trauma, jaw stiffness , dis- checking occlusion

posterior cervical

inner lips , mucosa , hard and soft palate , floor of mouth, tongue + lateral and dorsum borders, vestibules , fauces

submental

pivot (arm movement) , handle roll, wrist motion activation , digital motion activation (finger slingshot)

OH, risks , PMPR (sub and supra), adjunctive antimicrobials (chemotherapeutic adjuncts)

tonsillar

milk wound under warm water & soap/ encourage to bleed for 10 mins and dress the would ASAP, take detailes about the injury by yourself- when, level of contamination, report injury to a senior and complete report form, request immediate blood test for yourself and pt involved, follow up with medical practitioner and counselling- known risk, prophylaxis (HIV) at least within 72 hrs, post exposure prophylaxis (HPV)

periapical

pharmacological- anaesthesia , pharmacological- sedation, pharmacological- medication, non-pharmacological- communication skills , non-pharmacological- behaviour modification, non-pharmacological- psychotheraputics

aphthous ulcers, A- Major, B- Minor, C- traumatic

periodontal ligament space

saliva, blood, GCF can interfere with placement of all restorative materials (e.g, fissure sealants), leading to restoration failure , pt co-operation , clear nasal airways , after Anaesthesia (for dam), when there’s danger to pt inhaling materials or instruments , using saliva sensitive materials , adhesive and/or complex restorations, root canal therapy, root capping, pulpotomy, fissure sealants

reaction to pain- body reacts to pain through physiological processes via sympathetic nervous system, neuro-endocrine system and immune system, and via emotions, pain threshold- minimum pain at which something (pressure or heat) causes you pain, pain tolerance- maximum level of pain that someone is able to tolerate

managing non- responding sites, re-treat, refer if needed

2 working ends, 2mm working end , works in a linear movement , water doesn’t help to cool it , has a cover

techniques used to manage behaviour and instill positive attitudes, reduce anxiety towards oral health care and behaviour to ultimately improve OH., Tell show do , distraction , relaxation , positive reinforcement , enhancing control , structured time, modelling

stannous fluoride Sn F2, Sodium Monofluorphosphate MFP, Sodium Fluoride NaF

alveolar bone

pocket depth, bleeding and plaque reduction, recession , removal of SLF, maintenance of OH regime , increase cleansibility, addressing and minimising modifiable risk factors , addressing patient complaint

pain discomfort , bleeding , infection and non- response , recession , sensitivity , increase risk of caries , food trapping , black triangles, lost restorations/margins

removal of deposits by power and fast vibrations of the tip

>1-2mm from CEJ to alveolar crest, widening of periodontal ligament space , loss of bone in furcation area

swirling effect of the water tip which ‘blasts’ the bacteria

plaque and bleeding after BPE, OHI, manage risks and smoking cessation , instrumentation & remove overhangs

body of mandible

forehead , eyes , cheeks , upper and lower nose, lips , chin , general symmetry

an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with or resembling that association with actual or potential tissue damage

root trunk length

fenestration- loss of alveolar bone due to infection or trauma

as water comes out of the PDS tip, it creates bubbles which destroy the bacteria cell walls

1-2mm, 3mm

tip passes all the way through but is not seen clinically as soft tissue cover it

probe passes all the way through and can be seen clinically

anterior cervical

cancellous/spongy bone

Squamous cell carcinoma

move to corrective therapy (2nd phase)

the lighter areas (blocks beam e.g, mineralised tissue)

assessment , education, risk factors , OH coaching

Donor- check donor is BBV pos, discuss matters with donor (not by recipient), arrange collection of a tube of EDTA for infection screening, ask donor if they want to know blood results, write actions taken in donors notes , Recipient- contact OH, or A&E outside of hours, if donor has HIV get starter pack form OH/A&E, provide EDTA blood to save within 48hrs

interradicular dimensions

horizontal bite wing

A- thrush, B- nicotinus stomatitis (smokers keratosis), C- ulceration

location , what the lesion is , shape and size, symmetry , borders , relationship with other structures

alveolar process

CEJ to gingival margin , - number

move to supportive therapy (3rd phase)

flushing out of three bacteria from the pocket

severe mobility, greater than 1mm movement in a horizontal and vertical direction (tooth depresses into socket)

cervical enamel projection

cribrifome plate

probe partially enters the furcation

clinical attachment loss, 6 point pocket chart, BPE, furcation , mobility , plaque score , bleeding score

high plaque score, high bleeding score, pocket >5mm

CEJ to alveolar crest

desensitising agent

fluoride 95%- prevent caries & encourage remineralisation , anti plaque/anti microbial angents- restrict formation of plaque biofilm by having antibacterial effected on the bacteria e.g, zinc citrate trihydrate chlorhexidine, whitening agents- remove stains by proteolytic enzymes but increase abrasion e.g, charcoal, sodium bicarbonate, silica, carbamide peroxide, desensitising agents- help with sensitivity e.g, strontium chloride/acetate , potassium chloride/nitrate, sodium citrate, calcium sodium phosphosilicate , anti calculus (anti tartar) agents- little evidence but claims to make a significant difference in calculus formation e.g, calcium pyrophosphates

blood shot eyes- infection (conjunctivitis, drugs, alcohol, liver issue)

emulsifier/binding agents 1-5%- hold all ingredients together , humectants 10-30%- keep it moist and prevent from drying out , sweeteners- non fermentable sugars to enhance taste e.g, sorbitol, saccharin, xylitol, colouring agents and flavourings , detergents/foaming agents 1-2%- bubbly foam, loosen debris and help distribute paste in mouth, preservatives 0.05-1%- prevent contamination of bacteria e.g, alcohol, phenols, benzoates, polishing agents/abrasive 20-40%- mild abrasive action on teeth to remove stains e.g, sodium chloride, calcium pyrophosphate, calcium carbonate

furcation is detected by the tip of the probe

capability, motivation, opportunity, behaviour

more NSPT, adjunctive antimicrobials , periodontal surgery/ surgical periodontal treatment , restore function/ aesthetics , implants, orthodontics

dehiscence- gingival margin is more apical so there’s a loss of buccal/labial alveolar bone

prevent & reduce caries by applying fluoride , assists in removal of stains and plaque, prevent gingival inflammation by the inclusion of anti microbials, achieve desensitising by desensitising agents , improve appearance by whitening agents , increase confidence by improving breath, making tooth brushing experience more achievable

mobility of 0.1-0.2mm in horizontal directions (normal)

DTP (dentopantomograph)/OPG (orthopantomograph)

they change the colour of dental biofilm due to the polarity difference between the components of the dye and biofilm, uses a vegetable dye (phloxine B), 3 tone dye Staines- plaque less than 3 days, plaque more than 3 days and acid producing bacteria.

cortical/compact bone

the darker areas (allows beam to pass through objected e.g, tissues)

plaque score, bleeding on probing, motivation, OH reinforcement , disruption of biofilm

slight mobility up to 1mm horizontal (facial-lingual)

A- geographic tongue , B- fissured tongue , C- squamous cell carcinoma

black hairy tongue

easier removal of heavy deposits, acoustic disturbance- swirling effect to blast bacteria, furcation tip access causes less damage , no need to sharpen, less tissue distension

0-3 = 1000ppm smear , 3-6 = 1350- 1500ppm pea , 6+ = 1350- 1500ppm , 10+ high risk = 2800ppm, 16+ high risk= 5000ppm

herpes simplex virus

A- traumatic ulcerative granuloma , B- lichen planus , C- aspirin burn , D- Linea alba

tori

cancellous/spongy bone

glossitis

maintenance , targeted PMPR, OH, risk factor

vertical bite wing