as water comes out of the PDS tip, it creates bubbles which destroy the bacteria cell walls

swirling effect of the water tip which ‘blasts’ the bacteria

flushing out of three bacteria from the pocket

removal of deposits by power and fast vibrations of the tip

easier removal of heavy deposits, acoustic disturbance- swirling effect to blast bacteria, furcation tip access causes less damage , no need to sharpen, less tissue distension

4 working sides, works in circles (elliptical), 2-4mm working end, water helps to cool it

2 working ends, 2mm working end , works in a linear movement , water doesn’t help to cool it , has a cover

basal bone/ body of maxillary

alveolar bone

cortical/compact bone

cancellous/spongy bone

alveolar process

body of mandible

alveolar crest

cribrifome plate

periodontal ligament space

cancellous/spongy bone

1-2mm, 3mm

dehiscence- gingival margin is more apical so there’s a loss of buccal/labial alveolar bone

fenestration- loss of alveolar bone due to infection or trauma

>1-2mm from CEJ to alveolar crest, widening of periodontal ligament space , loss of bone in furcation area

CEJ to alveolar crest

length from the CEJ to apex (entire root)

(CEJ->alveolar crest) / (entire root length) x 100 divided by patient age

the darker areas (allows beam to pass through objected e.g, tissues)

the lighter areas (blocks beam e.g, mineralised tissue)

horizontal bite wing

vertical bite wing

periapical

DTP (dentopantomograph)/OPG (orthopantomograph)

hard and soft tissues , lamina dura- hard bony lining of alveolus or socket of tooth, roots , restorations, abnormalities , lesions

location , what the lesion is , shape and size, symmetry , borders , relationship with other structures

clinical attachment loss, 6 point pocket chart, BPE, furcation , mobility , plaque score , bleeding score

used for children and adolescents under 18 , a screenign tool, assess 6 teeth- all 6, UR1 and LL1, uses codes 0-2 for 7-11 year olds , uses all codes (0-4) and * for 12-17 year olds

CEJ to gingival margin , + number

CEJ to gingival margin , - number

furcation is detected by the tip of the probe

probe partially enters the furcation

tip passes all the way through but is not seen clinically as soft tissue cover it

probe passes all the way through and can be seen clinically

mobility of 0.1-0.2mm in horizontal directions (normal)

slight mobility up to 1mm horizontal (facial-lingual)

greater than 1mm of horizontal (facial-lingual) movement

severe mobility, greater than 1mm movement in a horizontal and vertical direction (tooth depresses into socket)

they change the colour of dental biofilm due to the polarity difference between the components of the dye and biofilm, uses a vegetable dye (phloxine B), 3 tone dye Staines- plaque less than 3 days, plaque more than 3 days and acid producing bacteria.

pivot (arm movement) , handle roll, wrist motion activation , digital motion activation (finger slingshot)

root trunk length

cervical enamel projection

interradicular dimensions

assessment , education, risk factors , OH coaching

OH, risks , PMPR (sub and supra), adjunctive antimicrobials (chemotherapeutic adjuncts)

managing non- responding sites, re-treat, refer if needed

maintenance , targeted PMPR, OH, risk factor

pocket depth, bleeding and plaque reduction, recession , removal of SLF, maintenance of OH regime , increase cleansibility, addressing and minimising modifiable risk factors , addressing patient complaint

pain discomfort , bleeding , infection and non- response , recession , sensitivity , increase risk of caries , food trapping , black triangles, lost restorations/margins

high plaque score, high bleeding score, pocket >5mm

plaque score, bleeding on probing, motivation, OH reinforcement , disruption of biofilm

plaque and bleeding after BPE, OHI, manage risks and smoking cessation , instrumentation & remove overhangs

move to corrective therapy (2nd phase)

move to supportive therapy (3rd phase)

more NSPT, adjunctive antimicrobials , periodontal surgery/ surgical periodontal treatment , restore function/ aesthetics , implants, orthodontics

preauricular

parotid

tonsillar

submental

anterior cervical

posterior cervical

forehead , eyes , cheeks , upper and lower nose, lips , chin , general symmetry

blood shot eyes- infection (conjunctivitis, drugs, alcohol, liver issue)

Grave’s disease- autoimmune linked to thyroid

angular chelitis- cracking, fungal or bacterial

herpes simplex virus

Squamous cell carcinoma

inner lips , mucosa , hard and soft palate , floor of mouth, tongue + lateral and dorsum borders, vestibules , fauces

aphthous ulcers, A- Major, B- Minor, C- traumatic

A- traumatic ulcerative granuloma , B- lichen planus , C- aspirin burn , D- Linea alba

A- thrush, B- nicotinus stomatitis (smokers keratosis), C- ulceration

tori

A- geographic tongue , B- fissured tongue , C- squamous cell carcinoma

glossitis

black hairy tongue

A- lingual torus , B- lingual ranula , C- floor of the mouth cancer , D- lingual salivary stone (calculi)

prevent & reduce caries by applying fluoride , assists in removal of stains and plaque, prevent gingival inflammation by the inclusion of anti microbials, achieve desensitising by desensitising agents , improve appearance by whitening agents , increase confidence by improving breath, making tooth brushing experience more achievable

emulsifier/binding agents 1-5%- hold all ingredients together , humectants 10-30%- keep it moist and prevent from drying out , sweeteners- non fermentable sugars to enhance taste e.g, sorbitol, saccharin, xylitol, colouring agents and flavourings , detergents/foaming agents 1-2%- bubbly foam, loosen debris and help distribute paste in mouth, preservatives 0.05-1%- prevent contamination of bacteria e.g, alcohol, phenols, benzoates, polishing agents/abrasive 20-40%- mild abrasive action on teeth to remove stains e.g, sodium chloride, calcium pyrophosphate, calcium carbonate

fluoride 95%- prevent caries & encourage remineralisation , anti plaque/anti microbial angents- restrict formation of plaque biofilm by having antibacterial effected on the bacteria e.g, zinc citrate trihydrate chlorhexidine, whitening agents- remove stains by proteolytic enzymes but increase abrasion e.g, charcoal, sodium bicarbonate, silica, carbamide peroxide, desensitising agents- help with sensitivity e.g, strontium chloride/acetate , potassium chloride/nitrate, sodium citrate, calcium sodium phosphosilicate , anti calculus (anti tartar) agents- little evidence but claims to make a significant difference in calculus formation e.g, calcium pyrophosphates

stannous fluoride Sn F2, Sodium Monofluorphosphate MFP, Sodium Fluoride NaF

0-3 = 1000ppm smear , 3-6 = 1350- 1500ppm pea , 6+ = 1350- 1500ppm , 10+ high risk = 2800ppm, 16+ high risk= 5000ppm

anti plaque agent

desensitising agent

a graduated scale with upper and lower limits , quick- simple, easy to apply , objectivity- no unambiguous, clear criteria , validity- measure what is intended to measure so accommodates with clinical stages of disease, acceptability- pain free for pt, reliability- should measure consistenlu at different times, no expernsive equipments

an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with or resembling that association with actual or potential tissue damage

reaction to pain- body reacts to pain through physiological processes via sympathetic nervous system, neuro-endocrine system and immune system, and via emotions, pain threshold- minimum pain at which something (pressure or heat) causes you pain, pain tolerance- maximum level of pain that someone is able to tolerate

milk wound under warm water & soap/ encourage to bleed for 10 mins and dress the would ASAP, take detailes about the injury by yourself- when, level of contamination, report injury to a senior and complete report form, request immediate blood test for yourself and pt involved, follow up with medical practitioner and counselling- known risk, prophylaxis (HIV) at least within 72 hrs, post exposure prophylaxis (HPV)

Donor- check donor is BBV pos, discuss matters with donor (not by recipient), arrange collection of a tube of EDTA for infection screening, ask donor if they want to know blood results, write actions taken in donors notes , Recipient- contact OH, or A&E outside of hours, if donor has HIV get starter pack form OH/A&E, provide EDTA blood to save within 48hrs

capability, motivation, opportunity, behaviour

pharmacological- anaesthesia , pharmacological- sedation, pharmacological- medication, non-pharmacological- communication skills , non-pharmacological- behaviour modification, non-pharmacological- psychotheraputics

techniques used to manage behaviour and instill positive attitudes, reduce anxiety towards oral health care and behaviour to ultimately improve OH., Tell show do , distraction , relaxation , positive reinforcement , enhancing control , structured time, modelling

saliva, blood, GCF can interfere with placement of all restorative materials (e.g, fissure sealants), leading to restoration failure , pt co-operation , clear nasal airways , after Anaesthesia (for dam), when there’s danger to pt inhaling materials or instruments , using saliva sensitive materials , adhesive and/or complex restorations, root canal therapy, root capping, pulpotomy, fissure sealants

ad- visibility , ad- complete isolation, prevent inhalation , reduces mouth breathing , ad- protection for staff , ad- reduces time , dis- difficult communication , dis- pt tolerance , dis- excess drying, latex allergy, , dis- LA needed, time and skill required, suitability for clamp, dis- gingiva trauma, jaw stiffness , dis- checking occlusion

1-3= mirror sticks to buccal mucosa, sticks to tongue, frothy saliva , 4-6= no saliva pooling at FOM, tongue shows generalised shortened papilla (mild), altered gingival texture (smooth), 7-10- glassy mucosa and palate, fissured tongue, cervical cavities (>2 teeth), debris on palate and teeth