quiz review 1 in business trade
問題一覧
1
Culture is relative. People of different nationalities simply perceive the world
differently. Each culture has its own notions of acceptable and unacceptable behavior.
Not right or wrong
2
Cultures also differ in their perceptions of physical space. We have our own sense of personal space and
feel uncomfortable if others violate it.
Perceptions space
3
rigid orientation to time in which the individual is focused on schedules, punctuality, time
as a resource, time is linear, “time is money”.
monochronic
4
represent a person’s judgments about what is good or bad, acceptable or unacceptable,
important or unimportant, and normal or abnormal. Values are the basis for our motivation and behavior. Our
values guide the development of our attitudes and preferences.
Values
5
refers to the
values, beliefs, customs,
arts, and other products of
human thought and work
that characterize the people
of a given society.
Culture
6
is a situation or event in
which a cultural
misunderstanding puts
some human value at stake.
Misunderstanding and miscommunication arise because people have differing values and expectations.
Cross-cultural risk
7
is the process of learning the rules and behavioral patterns appropriate to one’s society
Socialization
8
is the process of adjusting and adapting to a culture other than one’s own
Acculturation
9
Culture comes from people’s social environment. No one is born with a shared set of
values and attitudes. Rather, children gradually acquire specific ways of thinking and behaving as
they are raised in a society. Culture is passed from generation to generation by parents, teachers,
mentors, peers, and leaders. Modern methods of communication, including the media, play an
enormous role in transmitting culture
Not inherited
10
are similar to opinions but are often unconsciously held and may not be based on logical facts.
Prejudices are rigidly held attitudes, usually unfavorable and usually aimed at particular groups of people.
Attitudes
11
are ways of behaving and conducting oneself in public and business situations.
Some countries are characterized by informal cultures; people treat each other as equals and work together
cooperatively. In other countries, people tend to be more formal; status, power, and respect are relatively more
important.
Percep
Manners and customs
12
can be letters, figures, colors, or other characters that communicate a meaning. For example,
the cross is the main symbol of Christianity. National symbols include flags, anthems, seals, monuments, and
historical myths. Symbols can represent nations, religions, or corporations, and they can help to unite people
Symbolic productions
13
are artifacts, objects, and technological systems that people construct to function
within their environments
Material productions
14
takes place in various ways, especially through lessons and behavior acquired from parents,
family, and peers; participation in groups (social, business, and religious); and formal schooling. Literacy, the
ability to read, is an important indicator of education level and varies substantially around the world.
Education
15
refers to the pattern of social arrangements and organized relationships that
characterize a society.
Social structure
16
described as the
expression or mirror of culture, verbal language is not only essential for communications, it also provides insights
into culture
Language
17
The world has nearly 7,000 active languages, including more than 2,000 in each of Africa and Asia.
National languages, dialects, and translation tend to complicate
Verbal language
18
unspoken and includes facial expressions and gestures. In fact, nonverbal
messages accompany most verbal ones. These include facial expressions, body movements, eye contact,
physical distance, posture.
Non-verbal language
19
Religion is a system of common beliefs or attitudes concerning a being or a system of thought that people consider sacred, divine, or the highest truth and includes the moral codes, values, institutions, traditions, and
rituals associated with this system.
Religion
20
he offered an insightful analysis of cultural orientations. In his view, a cultural metaphor
refers to a distinctive tradition or institution that is strongly associated with a particular society. It is a guide to
deciphering people’s attitudes, values, and behavior.
Martin Gannon
21
he is anthrologiest that classified cultures as low context and high context
Edward T. Hall
22
rely heavily on spoken words and detailed verbal explanations. These cultures
use specific, legalistic contracts to conclude agreements.
Low-context cultures
23
emphasize nonverbal messages and view communication as a means to promote
smooth, harmonious relationships. They prefer an indirect and polite style that emphasizes mutual
respect and care for others
High- context cultures
24
refers to whether a person functions primarily as an individual or
as part of a group.
Individualism versus collectivism
25
each person tends to focus on his or her own self-interest, and ties
among people are relatively loose.
Individualistic societies
26
ties among individuals are highly valued. The group is all-important
because life is a cooperative experience
Collectivist societies
27
describes how a society deals with inequalities in power that exist among people
Power distance
28
exhibit big gaps between the weak and powerful; in firms, top
management tends to be autocratic, giving little autonomy to lower-level employees
High power distance societies
29
have small gaps between the weak and powerful. Firms tend toward
flat organizational structures, with relatively equal relations between managers and workers.
Low-power distance societies
30
create institutions to minimize risk and ensure security.
Firms emphasize stable careers and regulate worker actions. Decisions are made slowly
High uncertainty avoidance societies
31
managers are relatively entrepreneurial and comfortable
with risk. Firms make decisions quickly. People are comfortable changing jobs
Low uncertainty avoidance societies
32
refers to a society’s orientation based on traditional male and female
values.
Musculinity versus femininity
33
value competitiveness, ambition, assertiveness, and the accumulation of
wealth. Both men and women are assertive, focused on career and earning money.
Musculine cultures
34
typical in the United States and most other Western countries
Short-term orientation
35
emphasize nurturing roles, interdependence among people, and caring for less
fortunate people – for both men and women.
feminine cultures
36
emphasizes the long view in planning and living, focusing on years and
decades
long-term orientation
37
describes the degree to which people in a society attempt to control
their impulses and desires
Indulgence versus restraint
38
allow relatively free gratification of their basic and natural human
desires related to having fun and generally enjoying life
Member of indulgence societies
PER DEV MIDTERM
PER DEV MIDTERM
Ruzelle Abellera · 57問 · 2年前PER DEV MIDTERM
PER DEV MIDTERM
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Personality development
Ruzelle Abellera · 64問 · 2年前Personality development
Personality development
64問 • 2年前IBT 8-9
IBT 8-9
Ruzelle Abellera · 38問 · 2年前IBT 8-9
IBT 8-9
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PQT final
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PQT final
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strategic management
Ruzelle Abellera · 30問 · 2年前strategic management
strategic management
30問 • 2年前Global citizenship
Global citizenship
Ruzelle Abellera · 78問 · 1年前Global citizenship
Global citizenship
78問 • 1年前FM
FM
Ruzelle Abellera · 51問 · 1年前FM
FM
51問 • 1年前marketing
marketing
Ruzelle Abellera · 8問 · 1年前marketing
marketing
8問 • 1年前Ruzelle Abellera · 52問 · 1年前
52問 • 1年前Ruzelle Abellera
quiz facility chapy10
quiz facility chapy10
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quiz facility chapy10
15問 • 1年前FM 9
FM 9
Ruzelle Abellera · 38問 · 1年前FM 9
FM 9
38問 • 1年前strat 9+10
strat 9+10
Ruzelle Abellera · 65問 · 1年前strat 9+10
strat 9+10
65問 • 1年前mm 6
mm 6
Ruzelle Abellera · 61問 · 1年前mm 6
mm 6
61問 • 1年前問題一覧
1
Culture is relative. People of different nationalities simply perceive the world
differently. Each culture has its own notions of acceptable and unacceptable behavior.
Not right or wrong
2
Cultures also differ in their perceptions of physical space. We have our own sense of personal space and
feel uncomfortable if others violate it.
Perceptions space
3
rigid orientation to time in which the individual is focused on schedules, punctuality, time
as a resource, time is linear, “time is money”.
monochronic
4
represent a person’s judgments about what is good or bad, acceptable or unacceptable,
important or unimportant, and normal or abnormal. Values are the basis for our motivation and behavior. Our
values guide the development of our attitudes and preferences.
Values
5
refers to the
values, beliefs, customs,
arts, and other products of
human thought and work
that characterize the people
of a given society.
Culture
6
is a situation or event in
which a cultural
misunderstanding puts
some human value at stake.
Misunderstanding and miscommunication arise because people have differing values and expectations.
Cross-cultural risk
7
is the process of learning the rules and behavioral patterns appropriate to one’s society
Socialization
8
is the process of adjusting and adapting to a culture other than one’s own
Acculturation
9
Culture comes from people’s social environment. No one is born with a shared set of
values and attitudes. Rather, children gradually acquire specific ways of thinking and behaving as
they are raised in a society. Culture is passed from generation to generation by parents, teachers,
mentors, peers, and leaders. Modern methods of communication, including the media, play an
enormous role in transmitting culture
Not inherited
10
are similar to opinions but are often unconsciously held and may not be based on logical facts.
Prejudices are rigidly held attitudes, usually unfavorable and usually aimed at particular groups of people.
Attitudes
11
are ways of behaving and conducting oneself in public and business situations.
Some countries are characterized by informal cultures; people treat each other as equals and work together
cooperatively. In other countries, people tend to be more formal; status, power, and respect are relatively more
important.
Percep
Manners and customs
12
can be letters, figures, colors, or other characters that communicate a meaning. For example,
the cross is the main symbol of Christianity. National symbols include flags, anthems, seals, monuments, and
historical myths. Symbols can represent nations, religions, or corporations, and they can help to unite people
Symbolic productions
13
are artifacts, objects, and technological systems that people construct to function
within their environments
Material productions
14
takes place in various ways, especially through lessons and behavior acquired from parents,
family, and peers; participation in groups (social, business, and religious); and formal schooling. Literacy, the
ability to read, is an important indicator of education level and varies substantially around the world.
Education
15
refers to the pattern of social arrangements and organized relationships that
characterize a society.
Social structure
16
described as the
expression or mirror of culture, verbal language is not only essential for communications, it also provides insights
into culture
Language
17
The world has nearly 7,000 active languages, including more than 2,000 in each of Africa and Asia.
National languages, dialects, and translation tend to complicate
Verbal language
18
unspoken and includes facial expressions and gestures. In fact, nonverbal
messages accompany most verbal ones. These include facial expressions, body movements, eye contact,
physical distance, posture.
Non-verbal language
19
Religion is a system of common beliefs or attitudes concerning a being or a system of thought that people consider sacred, divine, or the highest truth and includes the moral codes, values, institutions, traditions, and
rituals associated with this system.
Religion
20
he offered an insightful analysis of cultural orientations. In his view, a cultural metaphor
refers to a distinctive tradition or institution that is strongly associated with a particular society. It is a guide to
deciphering people’s attitudes, values, and behavior.
Martin Gannon
21
he is anthrologiest that classified cultures as low context and high context
Edward T. Hall
22
rely heavily on spoken words and detailed verbal explanations. These cultures
use specific, legalistic contracts to conclude agreements.
Low-context cultures
23
emphasize nonverbal messages and view communication as a means to promote
smooth, harmonious relationships. They prefer an indirect and polite style that emphasizes mutual
respect and care for others
High- context cultures
24
refers to whether a person functions primarily as an individual or
as part of a group.
Individualism versus collectivism
25
each person tends to focus on his or her own self-interest, and ties
among people are relatively loose.
Individualistic societies
26
ties among individuals are highly valued. The group is all-important
because life is a cooperative experience
Collectivist societies
27
describes how a society deals with inequalities in power that exist among people
Power distance
28
exhibit big gaps between the weak and powerful; in firms, top
management tends to be autocratic, giving little autonomy to lower-level employees
High power distance societies
29
have small gaps between the weak and powerful. Firms tend toward
flat organizational structures, with relatively equal relations between managers and workers.
Low-power distance societies
30
create institutions to minimize risk and ensure security.
Firms emphasize stable careers and regulate worker actions. Decisions are made slowly
High uncertainty avoidance societies
31
managers are relatively entrepreneurial and comfortable
with risk. Firms make decisions quickly. People are comfortable changing jobs
Low uncertainty avoidance societies
32
refers to a society’s orientation based on traditional male and female
values.
Musculinity versus femininity
33
value competitiveness, ambition, assertiveness, and the accumulation of
wealth. Both men and women are assertive, focused on career and earning money.
Musculine cultures
34
typical in the United States and most other Western countries
Short-term orientation
35
emphasize nurturing roles, interdependence among people, and caring for less
fortunate people – for both men and women.
feminine cultures
36
emphasizes the long view in planning and living, focusing on years and
decades
long-term orientation
37
describes the degree to which people in a society attempt to control
their impulses and desires
Indulgence versus restraint
38
allow relatively free gratification of their basic and natural human
desires related to having fun and generally enjoying life
Member of indulgence societies