2021

Techniques for the light microscopy, Electron microscopy techniques, Histochemistry techniques, Immunocytochemistry techniques, Fluorescence techniques

Specimen collection, Fixing, Processing, Embedding, Sectioning, Staining, Analysis

1) nucleus, 2) ribosomes, 3) Golgi apparatus

Granular matrix, single membrane

Production of hydrogen peroxide, Killing pathogens, detoxification of toxic materials

Mitochondria, Rod-shaped, Inner and outer membrane, Subdivided into intermembrane and matrix compartments

Occluding junctions → apical region of most epithelial types, Adhering junctions → close to the apical region, Communicating junctions → between cells

Apocrine → apical portion of the cell is lost, Merocrine → secretory vesicles realesed via exocytosis, Holocrine → entire cell is destroyed

Cells, Extracellular matrix ( ECM ), Fluid

Has bundles of collagen fibres that appear to be fairly randomly orientated

Has closely - packed dense arranged fiber bundles with clear orientation

Perichondrium, Chondroblasts, Extracellular matrix, Chondrocytes in lacunae

Perichondrium, Chondroblasts, Chondrocytes in lacunae, Extracellular matrix with elastic fibres

No perichondrium, Chondrocytes in lacunae, Extracellular matrix with collagen fibres

Menisci of the knee, intervental discs

Tip of nose, external ear

Costal → connects the ribs to the sternum

Osteogenic cells → assist in fracture repair, Osteoblasts → form bone matrix, Osteocytes → maintain bone tissue, Osteoclasts → function in resorption, the breakdown of bone matrix

Cell → myofiber, Elongated - shaped, Striations ( transverse bands ), Multinuclear - located periferally to the cell, Under conscious control ( voluntary )

Cell → myocyte, Spindle - shaped, No striations, Single nucleus in the centre, No conscious control ( involuntary )

Cell → cardiomyocyte, Elongated - shaped, Striations, Single or two nuclei in the centre, No conscious control ( involuntary )

Gap junctions, Zona adherens, Desmosomes

The region of junction of the A and l bands → skeletal muscle

Schwann cells → surround all axons in PNS, Satellite cells → regulate nutrient and neurotransmitter levels around neurons in ganglia, Astrocytes → transport substances between blood vessels and neurons, Microglial cells → structural support and phagocytosis, Ependymal cells → form a porous layer through which substances diffuse, Oligodendrocytes → produce myelin sheath within the brain and spinal cord

Surrounds individual nerve fibres

Surrounds each bundle of nerve fibres

Forms the external coat of nerve bundles

The lipid bilayer, Membrane proteins, Glaycocalyx, Lipid rafts

Connection of t-tubules and junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum → cardiac muscle

Bone marrow

Plasma without fibrinogen

Ganglia → process information, Nerves → carry information

Satellite cells, Schwann cells

Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Microglial cells, Ependymal cells

Membrane - bound, Diverse shape and size, Filled with hydrolizing or digesting enzymes

Intracellular digestion, Intercellular phagocytosis

Interphase, Mitotic phase, Therminal phase

Exocytosis → transport out of the cell, Endocytosis → transport into the cell

Fibroblasts ( fibrocytes ) → synthesize fibres, Histiocytes ( macrophages ) → ingestion by phagocytosis, Mast cells → secrete heparin, Myofibroblasts → injury repair after wounding, Melanocytes → melanin produced by these cells is known to absorb ultraviolet light, Leukocytes → protect organism from infections, Plasma cells → produce antibodies, Pericytes → stabilization and hemodynamic processes of blood vessels, Fat cells → energy storage

Epithelial tissue

Plasma

Endoneurium → covers axons in nervous tissue, Epimysium → covers skeletal muscle tissue