問題一覧
1
What is a triad and where does it occur
The region of junction of the A and l bands → skeletal muscle
2
Difference between endoneurium and epimysium
Endoneurium → covers axons in nervous tissue, Epimysium → covers skeletal muscle tissue
3
Endoneurium
Surrounds individual nerve fibres
4
Dense regular connective tissue
Has closely - packed dense arranged fiber bundles with clear orientation
5
Hyaline cartilage
Perichondrium, Chondroblasts, Extracellular matrix, Chondrocytes in lacunae
6
Mesentary
Epithelial tissue
7
Intercellular junctions between muscle cells
Gap junctions, Zona adherens, Desmosomes
8
Epineurium
Forms the external coat of nerve bundles
9
Fibrocartilage
No perichondrium, Chondrocytes in lacunae, Extracellular matrix with collagen fibres
10
Difference between exocytosis and endocytosis
Exocytosis → transport out of the cell, Endocytosis → transport into the cell
11
Bone marrow components with functions
Red bone marrow → forms blood cells, Yellow bone marrow → stores fat
12
Components of connective tissue proper
Cells, Extracellular matrix ( ECM ), Fluid
13
Cell junctions and their locations
Occluding junctions → apical region of most epithelial types, Adhering junctions → close to the apical region, Communicating junctions → between cells
14
Phases of the cell cycle
Interphase, Mitotic phase, Therminal phase
15
Difference between nerve and ganglion
Ganglia → process information, Nerves → carry information
16
Dense irregular connective tissue
Has bundles of collagen fibres that appear to be fairly randomly orientated
17
Glial cells of PNS
Satellite cells, Schwann cells
18
Describe cell organelles responsible for energy supply
Mitochondria, Rod-shaped, Inner and outer membrane, Subdivided into intermembrane and matrix compartments
19
List 5 common histological techniques
Techniques for the light microscopy, Electron microscopy techniques, Histochemistry techniques, Immunocytochemistry techniques, Fluorescence techniques
20
Smooth muscle cells
Cell → myocyte, Spindle - shaped, No striations, Single nucleus in the centre, No conscious control ( involuntary )
21
Cells of bone with functions
Osteogenic cells → assist in fracture repair, Osteoblasts → form bone matrix, Osteocytes → maintain bone tissue, Osteoclasts → function in resorption, the breakdown of bone matrix
22
Blood serum
Plasma without fibrinogen
23
Components of plasma
The lipid bilayer, Membrane proteins, Glaycocalyx, Lipid rafts
24
Peroxisomes functions
Production of hydrogen peroxide, Killing pathogens, detoxification of toxic materials
25
Peroxisomes morphology
Granular matrix, single membrane
26
Skeletal muscle cells
Cell → myofiber, Elongated - shaped, Striations ( transverse bands ), Multinuclear - located periferally to the cell, Under conscious control ( voluntary )
27
Where does hematopoesis take place?
Bone marrow
28
Elastic cartilage location
Tip of nose, external ear
29
Lysosomes morphology
Membrane - bound, Diverse shape and size, Filled with hydrolizing or digesting enzymes
30
Glial cells and their functions
Schwann cells → surround all axons in PNS, Satellite cells → regulate nutrient and neurotransmitter levels around neurons in ganglia, Astrocytes → transport substances between blood vessels and neurons, Microglial cells → structural support and phagocytosis, Ependymal cells → form a porous layer through which substances diffuse, Oligodendrocytes → produce myelin sheath within the brain and spinal cord
31
Glial cells of CNS
Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Microglial cells, Ependymal cells
32
Which cell organelles take part in 1) transcription 2) translation 3) protein modification
1) nucleus, 2) ribosomes, 3) Golgi apparatus
33
Lysosomes functions
Intracellular digestion, Intercellular phagocytosis
34
Hyaline cartilage location
Costal → connects the ribs to the sternum
35
ECM blood
Plasma
36
Elastic cartilage
Perichondrium, Chondroblasts, Chondrocytes in lacunae, Extracellular matrix with elastic fibres
37
Cardiac muscle cells
Cell → cardiomyocyte, Elongated - shaped, Striations, Single or two nuclei in the centre, No conscious control ( involuntary )
38
Perineurium
Surrounds each bundle of nerve fibres
39
Types of secretion
Apocrine → apical portion of the cell is lost, Merocrine → secretory vesicles realesed via exocytosis, Holocrine → entire cell is destroyed
40
Specimen preparation
Specimen collection, Fixing, Processing, Embedding, Sectioning, Staining, Analysis
41
Fibrocartilage location
Menisci of the knee, intervental discs
42
What is a diad and where does it occur?
Connection of t-tubules and junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum → cardiac muscle
43
Connective tissue proper cells with function
Fibroblasts ( fibrocytes ) → synthesize fibres, Histiocytes ( macrophages ) → ingestion by phagocytosis, Mast cells → secrete heparin, Myofibroblasts → injury repair after wounding, Melanocytes → melanin produced by these cells is known to absorb ultraviolet light, Leukocytes → protect organism from infections, Plasma cells → produce antibodies, Pericytes → stabilization and hemodynamic processes of blood vessels, Fat cells → energy storage