-who observed that various geographic regiond have different plants and animal populations -accepted that there were extinct species

-scotish naturalists, proposed that geological change occured gradually by the accumulation of small changes from processes like they are today

lyells notion of the greater age of earth gave more time for gradual change in species

published a book that detailed a mechanism for revolutionary change

is now reffered to as an inheritance of acquired characteristics by which modification in an individual are cause by environment

4 fourfes or mechanisms of evolution

actual mechanism for evolution was independently conceived pf and described by 2 naturalists:

observed species of organism on different islands that were clearly similar but had distinct differences he wrote "seeing this gradation and diversity of structure in one group of birds...."

if you have variation, differential reproduction, and hereditary you will have evolution by natural selection as an outcome

this is a change in the dna sequence of the gene ultimate source of genetic variation is a source of new alleles in the population occurs when DNA gene is damaged or changed

in an agent of substance that can bring about a permanent alteration

leads to new versions of proteins that help organisms adapt they increase an organisms changes of surviving

may cause genetic disorders or cancer

it refers to a common random fluctuations in the frequencies of alleles from generation to generation to change event can cause traits to be dominant also called genetic sampling error

causes of bottleneck effect

is the exchange of alleles (genes) between two or more populations

is a process by which pieces of DNA are broken and recombined to produce new combination of alleles.. is an integral part of the complex process of meiosis in sexually reproducing organisms

evidences of evolution

documents the existence of now extinct past species are preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms preserved remnant trapped in rocks

where most fossils are formed

a specialist in the study of the forms of life existing in prehistoric or geologic times

Gives evidence of relatedness between now widely different groups of organisms

Is an organism in its initial phases of development

in comparing the anatomy and the development of organisms. It shows a unity of plan among those that are related The more body structures the two species have in common the more closely the are related

is a concept of evolutionary biology applicable when one species is the ancestor of 2 or more species later in time

indicate descent from common ancestor

are similar physical stuctures in organism that share a common ancestors but serve completely different functions

are structure which are different appearance but same functions

does nit indicate common ancestry

are anatomical features that are usually reduced and have no function in many organisms

are organs that were previously functional but only remnant in the present

is based om the facts that certain enzymes and chemical processes are found in the cells

2 biochemical evidences

are molecules that are used to build up and repair body parts

is the study of the geographic distributions of organism