Giving and receiving of ideas, feelings, and information among people

Making false assumptions about what is being communicated.

Listener deliberately chooses what he or she wants to pay attention to.

Listener is overwhelmed with incoming information and has to decide which information will be processed and remembered.

Countered by keeping one’s focus on the speaker and taking notes.

Unwillingness to listen to members of groups the listener believes are inferior.

Words that bring an immediate negative emotional response, usually negative, from the listener because of strong beliefs on the subject

Listening with greater concentration, less tolerance for distractions, and more feedback to the speaker.

Emotional readiness of the listener to hear a message.

Listener’s situation when a message is received.

Communication should fit the other topics being discussed.

Method used to hear only what one wants to hear.

Ways of communicating without speaking.

Three examples of ways of communicating without speaking

Way one feels within oneself.

Helps to understand and interpret meaning in context.

Point of reference when communicating.

Degree to which one shows serious concentration or emotion.

Distance of physical space that one maintains between other people and oneself.

Has formal and informal dimensions and travels vertically and horizontally.

Messages that are communicated according to an organization’s chain of command by flowing both upward and downward.

Three examples of Vertical Communication

Messages that are communicated between the speaker and his or her equals in a formal organization.

Network within the informal organization that communicates incomplete, but somewhat accurate, information.

Gossip network that produces mostly false information

Culture in which a written agreement, such as a contract, can be taken at face value.

Culture in which the social context surrounding a written document is more important than the document itself.

Used to clarify a point.

Used to control the flow of communication.

Used like nonverbal punctuation marks.

Used in a specific manner because they have a specific meaning

Differences in emotional reaction include variations in...?