Gossip network that produces mostly false information

Method used to hear only what one wants to hear.

Words that bring an immediate negative emotional response, usually negative, from the listener because of strong beliefs on the subject

Culture in which a written agreement, such as a contract, can be taken at face value.

Making false assumptions about what is being communicated.

Helps to understand and interpret meaning in context.

Countered by keeping one’s focus on the speaker and taking notes.

Listening with greater concentration, less tolerance for distractions, and more feedback to the speaker.

Messages that are communicated according to an organization’s chain of command by flowing both upward and downward.

Listener’s situation when a message is received.

Culture in which the social context surrounding a written document is more important than the document itself.

Listener deliberately chooses what he or she wants to pay attention to.

Communication should fit the other topics being discussed.

Has formal and informal dimensions and travels vertically and horizontally.

Point of reference when communicating.

Ways of communicating without speaking.

Network within the informal organization that communicates incomplete, but somewhat accurate, information.

Used in a specific manner because they have a specific meaning

Messages that are communicated between the speaker and his or her equals in a formal organization.

Used like nonverbal punctuation marks.

Giving and receiving of ideas, feelings, and information among people

Degree to which one shows serious concentration or emotion.

Three examples of Vertical Communication

Unwillingness to listen to members of groups the listener believes are inferior.

Distance of physical space that one maintains between other people and oneself.

Used to clarify a point.

Emotional readiness of the listener to hear a message.

Way one feels within oneself.

Listener is overwhelmed with incoming information and has to decide which information will be processed and remembered.

Differences in emotional reaction include variations in...?

Used to control the flow of communication.

Three examples of ways of communicating without speaking