問題一覧
1
The diagram represents a section of soil and rock in which fossils are buried. Which layer is the oldest?
4
2
The environment around Manchester, England, changed during the Industrial Revolution. How did this change affect peppered moths living in the area?
Natural selection favored moths with dark wings because predators could not see them on the soot-colored trees.
3
The diagram shows fossils in different rock layers. Which of these statements about the age of these fossils is most likely correct?
Fossil D is older than Fossil C
4
A graph regarding the effect of agricultural bioengineering on insect pests is shown below How has natural selection affected species of insect pests?
Natural selection has rapidly increased the number of species that are resistant to pesticides
5
Apple farmers are currently having a very difficult time with pesticide-resistant insects. These insects are no longer being killed by the current chemical treatments, thus causing a lot of damage to the apple crops. In reaction to this, researchers are developing newer and stronger chemicals to help control the bugs. Why are the apple farmers seeing these new, stronger bugs?
The strongest bugs were able to survive pesticides, reproduce and create more resistant pests.
6
Which statement is best supported by fossil records?
Many organisms that lived in the past are now extinct.
7
The first life-forms to appear on Earth were most likely
simple single-celled organisms
8
Many scientists believe that the earliest cells on Earth were relatively simple, lacking nuclear membranes and other organized celular structures. Over time, more complex cells developed from these simple cells. These statements describe the concept of
use and disuse
9
The kit fox and red fox species are closely related. The kit fox lives in the desert, while the red fox inhabits forests. Ear size and fur color are two differences that can be observed between the species. An illustration of these two species is shown below. Which statement best explains how the differences between these two species came about?
As the foxes adapted to different environments, differences in appearance evolved.
10
The diagram below illustrates the change that occurred in the physical appearance of a rabbit population over a 10-year period. Which condition would explain this change over time?
A decrease in the advantage of having white fur.
11
When antibiotics were first developed, most infectious diseases could be controlled by them. Today, certain bacteria are resistant to many antibiotics. One possible explanation for this change is that
The antibiotics killed most of the bacteria that did not have a genetic variation for resistance.
12
The bones in the wing of a bird, the flipper of a whale, and the arm of a human are considered by many scientists to be
homologous structures
13
The diagram below shows a comparison of nitrogen base sequences in the DNA of some organisms to those of a human. According to this diagram, humans may be most closely related to the
chimpanzee
14
The diagram below shows the evolutionary relationships between several groups of organisms. Organisms with the greatest biochemical similarities would most likely be found in which pair of genera?
3 and 4
15
The diagram below represents possible evolutionary pathways of certain organisms. Which species is most closely related to species L?
F
16
In the diagram below of undisturbed sedimentary rock strata, in which rock layer are the fossils of more complex animals generally found?
A
17
The diagram below represents undisturbed rock strata in a given region. A representative fossil of an organism is illustrated in each layer. Which statement best describes a relationship between these representative organisms?
Organism A was probably more primitive than organism B and organism C.
18
The use of pesticides on crops has been a common farming practice for decades. What has been the greatest effect of natural selection through the use of pesticides on certain insect populations?
The rate of selection is increased because pesticides do not kill the insects that are naturally resistant to it.
19
A large population of cockroaches was sprayed with an insecticide. A few of the cockroaches survived and produced a population of cockroaches that was resistant to this spray. What can best be inferred from this?
Individuals with favorable variations survive and reproduce.
20
The differences in the characteristics of flower species in the chart most likely resulted from
adaptations in response to different environmental factors
21
According to the theory of evolution, most present-day species of organisms
descended from earlier, different species of organisms