問題一覧
1
who was at the bottom of anglo saxon society?
slaves/thralls
2
who were the free peasants?
land owners that payed tax to the royals
3
who was stigand and what did he do?
a corrupt arch bishop that commit pluralism and simony
4
what are 3 reasons for the succession crisis?
no clear succession rules, no clear heir, multiple claimants to the throne
5
what elements of luck were there in william’s victory?
Harold’s mistakes, his army was tired and smaller
6
what new forms of fighting did the norman’s use pre 1066?
mounted knights (knights on horseback)
7
How did william get exeter to surrender?
he besieged the city for 18 days and gouged the eyes out of hostages
8
who was robert of comines?
william tried to install him as earl of northumbria, him and his army were massacred in durham because people didn’t want a norman earl
9
where did he reward the wake rebel?
island of ely
10
what are 3 places william built castles in the early years?
pevensey, hastings, london
11
why were norman castles originally built in wood?
wood is quick and easy to build (defence purposes)
12
evidence that the tower of london was built for status purposes?
it had a throne room
13
who was at the top of the heirarchy and what did they do?
the king- raised an army, made laws
14
how much land was owned by women?
5%
15
what were double monasteries and what to they show us?
monasteries run by both monks and nuns, shows they had a sense of equality
16
what were burhs?
fortified towns built by anglo saxon kings
17
who was st dunstan?
a bishop that built churches and monasteries, stopped corruption in the church
18
what do the fuller brooch and alfred jewel tell us?
shows us the culture and that they had fine craftsmanship
19
what abbey did edward the confessor build in the 1060s?
west minster
20
what are 3 reasons the norman’s were successful before 1066?
had an effective fighting force, feudal system, support of the pope
21
what norwegian kind fought at the battle of milford and battle of stamford bridge?
harald hadrada
22
what anglo saxon early fought in the battle of fulford?
edwin and morcar
23
where did william land in england in 1066?
pevensey
24
how did harold’s mistakes help william win?
harold rushed south to fight so his army was smaller and tired, he ignored his brothers advise to stay in london
25
how do we know william wasn’t threatened by edric the wilds rebellion?
he didn’t bother to leave normandy
26
what are 3 reasons the north rebelled?
they didn’t want a foreign king, william was pillaging land around them and they wanted to stop him, prone to rebellion because it’s where the vikings were
27
what was the harrying of the north and why did it happen?
williams men burned crops, killed livestock, salted the land, thousands died, it happened to stop the northern resistance
28
who was he reward the wake?
a local thegn that raided peterborough abbey, joined forves with the danes and created a strong base in the island of ely
29
2 ways william was brutal and 2 ways he wasnt
brutal- harrying of the north, gouging eyes out of hostages not brutal- he showed mercy to gytha, let edwin and morcar keep their titles
30
what was gythas role in the exeter rebellion?
she invited the dane’s and the irish lords
31
what were the 2 types of castles?
ringwork, motte+bailey
32
why did william prioritize building castles in the years after 1066?
for defence against rebellions
33
what are some features of castles built for defence purposes?
deep ditches, high/multiple palisades
34
what was the domesday book for?
to find out what land was owned by everyone in england
35
what are 2 ways towns changed under norman rule?
they seized control of market trading, built castles in the centre of towns
36
what stayed the same in the countryside under norman rule?
90% of the population continued to work in agriculture
37
what kinds of corruption did william remove from the church?
pluralism and simony
38
which group suffered the most from the norman yoke?
the ceorls, many became peasants
39
what was the forest law?
anglo saxons couldn’t hunt in royal forests
40
how did language change under the norman’s?
there were more french words in use, higher class spoke french