問題一覧
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Components of a Computer System
Hardware, Application Programs, Operating System, Users
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Set of Operating Systen Services that are helpful to the user
User Interface, Program Execution, I/O Operations, File-System Manipulation, Communication, Error Detection
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Resource Management in OS
process management, memory management, file-system management, mass-storage management, cache management, I/O system management
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attritbutes held by a process
hardware state, memory, CPU, progress
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Another set of functions of OS for ensuring efficient operation of the system
Resource Allocation, Logging, Protection and Security
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Responsibilities of the OS in connection with secondary storage
Mounting and unmounting, Free-space management, Storage allocation, Disk space, Partitioning, Protection
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(Process Structure) process consists of:
address space, CPU state, set of operating system resources
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User and Operating Systen Interface
Command Interpreters, Graphical User Interface, Touch-screen Interface
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Process States
new, running, waiting (blocked), ready, terminated
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System Services
file management, status information, file modification, programming-language support, program loading and execution, communications, background services
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Types of Operating Systems
Batch Operating System, Multiprogramming Operating System, Multiprocessing Operating System, Multitasking Operating System, Time-sharing Operating System, Distributed Operating System, Network Operating System, Real-Time Operating System
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Models of Communication
Message-passing Model, Shared-memory Model
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Process Control Blocks
process state, program counter, cpu registers, cpu-scheduling information, memory-management information, accounting information, I/O status information
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CPU cores
single cpu core, multicore system
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Scheduling Queues
Ready Queue, Wait Queue
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2 Context Switches State
State Save, State Restore
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2 Categories of Scheduling
Non-preemptive, Preemptive
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Process Schedulers
long term or job scheduler, short term or cpu scheduler, medium-term scheduler
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Types of System Calls
Process Control, File Management, Device Management, Information Maintenance, Communication, Protection
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Important CPU Scheduling Terminologies
arrival time, burst time, completion time, total completion time, turnaround time, Average turnaround time, waiting time, average waiting time, cpu utilization
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CPU Scheduling Algorithms
first come first serve, shortest job first
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Scheduling Criteria
cpu utilization, throughput, turnaround time, waiting time, response time