Instrument most police agencies is using state-of-the-art equipment in detecting deception

Polygraph also commonly known as?

Is an instrument that measures and records several physiological responses such as blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration, breathing rhythms, body temp. Snd skin conductivity while the subject is asked and answer a series of questions

Measure physiological changes caused ny sympathetic nervous system during questioning

This kind of test was used among the hill of tribe of rajahmal in the north of bengal part of india where the accused was apt to be told to prove his innocence by applying his tounge to red hot iron 9 times, if his tounge burns or his mouth becomes dried he will be judged as guilty

this type of practice of testing the veracity of the accused by placing him on one scale of balance. In one scale, the accused was in the other side, a counter balance. The accused then steps out of the scale, listen to the judge deliver an exhortation to the balance. The accused gets back in the balance and if he were found to be lighter than before, he will be judged as innocent.

as a test of deception of this ordeal, this was used in modern Africa, this type of test is the person will be told to immerse his arm to a big pot with a full hot water, if his arm will not burnt, he is innocent.

this practice started in India. The accused will be given concentrated rice grains and he will be told to chew and swallow the said rice if the accused will not be able to swallow a single grain, he will be judged as guilty and this is by their belief that no person will not be able to swallow the gift of god.

the accused fast for twelve (12) hours, swallow the small amount of rice grains then imbibes the dark colored water, sometimes a gallon, as an emetic, and if the suspect ejects all the rice given to him, he is considered as innocent.

the donkey will be placed to one room alone and observed if the donkey will cry, a judgment of guilty will be given because of the guiding principle that innocent person is always protected by his guardian angel.

It was introduced by Dr. Edward Mandel House; (1858 - 1938) a U.S. Physician and a diplomat serving as a confidential adviser to former U.S. President Woodrow Wilson, this method involves intravenous injection or orally taken, such as hyocinebromide, morphine, in either chloroform, sodium amytal, and scopolamine; in which produces a condition of anesthesia.

Who introduced truth serum

Used in testing for locating the suspect and the stolen items

was first introduced by Franz Anton Miesmer (1734 - 1815), as a method of detection of deception in 1778, Meismer believed in an animal magnetism by which his own personal electro-magnetism for therapeutic effect influenced other person.

An act of inducing hypnosis to dazzle or overcome by suggestion

accordingly giving the subject among a list of careful and selected stimulus words or objects with other pictures, with the instructions to respond with the very first word that may come to subject's mind.

Sir Francis Galton first introduced this method on what year

A swiss psychiatrist, who later developed the galton works and experiment

the basic practice is to present orally or visually a group of words, each word sufficiently separated in time from the others so that subjects response to it.

Reason why people lie

he recommend that taking the pulse of the suspicious fellow was a practical effective and human method for distinguishing truthfulness from lying. Defoe is one of the person who give suggestion on the employment of medical science in the fight against crime.

British novelist wrote an essay entitled "An Effectual Scheme of the Immediate Preventing of Street Robberies and Suppressing all other Disorders of the Night"

he introduced and used the instrument called as plethysmograph base on his research on emotion and fear in subject's undergoing questioning and he also studied the effects of this variables on their cardio vascular and respiratory activity.

The use of this instrument revealed periodic undulation or wave motion in his subjects blood pressure caused by the respiratory cycle in response to stimuli

constructed the clinical polygraph an instrument to be used for medical examinations with the capability to simultaneously record undulated line tracings of the vascular pulses (radial, venous, and arterial), by way of stylus onto a revolving drum of smoke paper (Remnitz 1990).

Noted as the first person who used or utilized the instrument for the purpose of detecting deception called as hydrosphymograph and used this modified instruments in his experiments to measure the physiological changes that occured in a crime suspect's blood pressure and pulse rate during police interrogation.

The instrument used by Lombroso is same instrument used by the Physician to diagnose the blood pressure of their patient. He used this instrument in actual cases to assist the police in the identification of criminals.

Studied on fear of influence on the heart and his observation subsequently from the basis for detection technique and he develop a type sphygmomanometer and scientific radio for study of fear.

the first scientist to report on experiments in which he observed that a person's breathing patterned changed under certain stimuli, and that this changed in turn, caused variations in their blood pressure and pulse rate.

this instrument used a clockwork mechanism for the paper rolling and time maker movements and it produced ink recordings of physiological functions that were easier to acquire to interpret.

refined his clinical polygraph of 1892 he revised the clinical ink polygraph with help of Lancashire watchmaker, Sebastian Shaw

the self-proclaim "father of the polygraph" Conducted for numerous test for detecting deception utilizing the changes of systolic deception and develop his own method of reading systolic blood pressure.

Canadian psychologist who devised an instrument capable of continuously recording blood pressure changes, pulse rate and respiration he developed also the breadboard Lie Detctor which is now Polygraph apparatus into a portable form.

credited as forerunner of modern polygraph

an Italian psychologist who was accorded the distinction for developing the galvanic skin reflex (GSR) or the galvanometer, which records electrical bodily resistance in terms of ohms, the lowest current ever recorded.

Suggested the use of the first galvanograph for detecting deception based from the works of his predecessor and introduced the method of detecting from the galvanic impression on the chart tracing

the first one to use the term psycho galvanic reflex and he believed that electrical phenomena is due to activity of the sweat glands.

an Italian psychologist who discovered a method for calculating the quotient of the inhalation to exhalation as a mean of verifying the truth and detecting deception of teh subject.

Determined that the respiratory changes were indication and he also found that changes in systolic blood pressure were valuable in determining deception

who had gained firsthand experience in polygraph interrogations as a result of working with John Larson at the Berkeley Police Department to device a polygraph that used inked pens for recording the relative changes in subject blood pressure, pulse rate, and respiratory patterns, thus eliminating the need for smoking the paper and then preserving it with shellac.

He also devised a metal recording bellows, rolled chart paper incorporated Galvanograph with measurement of blood pressure and respiration, deviced a method of questioning, developed a Kymograph

In what year the Keeler Polygraph added a galvanometer for recording a psych galvanic skin reflex or electro dermal response.

Who was was credited as a "Father of Modern Day Polygraph" due to his great contribution in use of polygraph instrument

a lawyer from Chicago, Illinois developed the Control Questions Technique (CQT) a polygraph technique that incorporated control questions (comparison) were designed to be emotionally arousing for non-deceptive subjects and less emotionally from deceptive subjects that the relevant questions previously used.

Meaning of RIQT

Major breakthrough in polygraphy methodology

developed the backster zone comparison technique (ZCT)

introduced a quantifications system of chart analysis thus making it more objective and scientific than before. This system for the numerical evaluation of the physiological data collected from the polygraph charts has been adopted as standard procedure in the polygraph field today.

of Fordham University in New York City is the first researcher who used potential computer applications for the purpose of polygraph chart analysis.

Year when the polygraph made its official entrance into the computer age

John Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Maryland, completed a software program called the PolyScore which used sophisticated mathematical algorithm to analyze the polygraph data and to estimate a probability or degree of deception or truthfulness in a subject.

US Department of Energy commissioned a review committee of the National Academy of Science to study the scientific evidence on the polygraph. Today, we use two types of polygraph instruments, the analog and computerize polygraphs

- a force of emotion reaching the organism and excite the deceptors. In short, it is a force that arouses the organism of any part to activity.

a scientific instrument which is especially designed to record the Psycho and physiological changes which occur with the body of the subject especially when accompanied by lying.

is an emotional response to specific danger that appears to beyond a person's defensive power

is an uttering or conveying falsehood or creating a false statement.

an act of discovery existence pressure or fact of something hidden or obscure.

any activity or in division of previous activity of an organism or as affector organ, or part of the organism resulting from stimulation.

any deviation from the normal tracing of a subject.

a tracing on the chart where in the subject answer in the irrelevant question.

refers to a person who conducts the test or adminiters the examination.refers to a person who conducts the test or adminiters the examination.

refers to the composite records of the Pneumograph, the Galvanograph, and Cardiosphymograph tracing recorded from a series of questions. (PCCR Instructional module on polygraph 1996).

Two types of response

samples of this response are : Throbbing of heart, increase blood pressure and changes of pulse rate, dryness of the mouth, lump in the throat

samples of this response are: Sweating, Dryness of the lips, red face or blush and pale face, dilation of the eyes.

4 major components of polygraph

2 units of pneumograph component

this unit is simply attached to the subject's chest, the function of this assembly is to record the changes of the subject's heartbeat.

this second unit is simply attached to abdomen of the subject the function of this is to record the changes of breathing of the subject.

This Component is composed of the following unit; Blood Pressure Cuff assembly this unit is simply attached to teh right ot left upper arm of the subject.

this unit is attached directly to the blood pressure cuff assembly and the Sphygmomanometer this unit is the basis of determining gauge of the air supplied to the arm cuff while the Pump bulb assembly the one that supplies air to the arm cuff through pumping the tube.

this component is composed of two finger electrodes this assembly is attached to the Index and Ring finger of either left or right hand, this assembly will record the skin resistance of the subject with a little amount of electricity.

component is a motor that pulls the chart paper under the recording pen simultaneously at the rate of six to twelve inches per minute (PCCr Instructional module on polygraph 1996).

Meaning of “many” in greek

Meaning of “writing” in greek

are fastened around the subject Abdominal and in the thoracic (chest) part of the body to monitor the breathing

the arm cuff is fastened to the left or right arm of the subject to monitor the changes in blood pressure and pulse rate upon inflation of the rubber pump and the Finger Electrodes (galvanograph) attached to the finger (index and ring) of the subject to monitor the skin resistance of the subject.

serving as the activator of the body system, the nervous system, thus the brain and all the nerve tissues, receives, evaluates, integrates and stores any stimulus brought to the body from the environment;

operates in the body, one of the examples of this simple lay-out of the chain reaction process.

this receptor is called in which converts into energy in order to receive and transmit to the so-called effector's,

Left hemisphere

Right hemisphere

is the main effector mechanism which the polygraph are concerned.

the one responsible for regulating mechanism that corrects the slightest deviation from a particular standard within very tine limits.

the polygraph techniques has a three foundation or legal basis as to wit:

The polygraph instrument is a mechanically capable of making graphical records containing reliable information regarding physiological changes.

among the physiological basis that maybe recorded and identified are those that automatically occur only on the stimulation of a specific nervous system components can be reliably diagnosed.

under the polygraph legal premise, the specific nervouse system components whose stimulation can thus be diagnosed are so stimulated by the involuntary mental and emotional processes of the individual who is consciously attempting concealment of deception specially when an individual has something at stake and the prevailing circumstances lead him to believe that exposure to detection is quite possible although undesirable.

In order to conduct satisfactory polygraph examination, it is necessary for the examiner to obtain first accurate information regarding all the available facts and circumstances that will be a basis of suspicion or accusation directed against the person to be examined.

is the scientific method of detecting deception with the use of a Polygraph instrument. It is the new term of Lie Detection.

is a scientific diagnostic instrument used to record physiological changes in the blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration and skin resistance of an examinee

It is used to test an individual for the purpose of deterring deception or verify the truth of the statement. Polygraph records, and identify physiological reactions of the subject such as : blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration and skin resistance.

is a series of test conducted on the person involved in the commission of a crime and referred to the polygraph branch, and the formulation of questions which is answerable by yes or no.

Principal uses of polygraph

Other Uses of Polygraph

it is a valuable tool of criminal investigation. It provides fast means of eliminating innocent suspects, give clue about the identity of criminal suspect, verified statement of those who are involved and save a lot of time and effort during the process of investigation.

It is the fastest and most accurate means of verifying statement of a job applicant from derogatory remarks by a previous employer who bears personal grudge against him.

It is the best way of the company to determine dishonest employee who are esponsible for company losses

There are instances wherein the company has difficulty in deciding between two or more candidates to be promoted polygraph test helps to determine who is the most qualified as well as employee's future intents against the company