Is an instrument that measures and records several physiological responses such as blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration, breathing rhythms, body temp. Snd skin conductivity while the subject is asked and answer a series of questions

polygraph

Measure physiological changes caused ny sympathetic nervous system during questioning

polygraph

This kind of test was used among the hill of tribe of rajahmal in the north of bengal part of india where the accused was apt to be told to prove his innocence by applying his tounge to red hot iron 9 times, if his tounge burns or his mouth becomes dried he will be judged as guilty

red hot iron ordeal

this type of practice of testing the veracity of the accused by placing him on one scale of balance. In one scale, the accused was in the other side, a counter balance. The accused then steps out of the scale, listen to the judge deliver an exhortation to the balance. The accused gets back in the balance and if he were found to be lighter than before, he will be judged as innocent.

ordeal of balance

as a test of deception of this ordeal, this was used in modern Africa, this type of test is the person will be told to immerse his arm to a big pot with a full hot water, if his arm will not burnt, he is innocent.

boiling water ordeal

this practice started in India. The accused will be given concentrated rice grains and he will be told to chew and swallow the said rice if the accused will not be able to swallow a single grain, he will be judged as guilty and this is by their belief that no person will not be able to swallow the gift of god.

ordeal of rice chewing

the accused fast for twelve (12) hours, swallow the small amount of rice grains then imbibes the dark colored water, sometimes a gallon, as an emetic, and if the suspect ejects all the rice given to him, he is considered as innocent.

ordeal of the red water

the donkey will be placed to one room alone and observed if the donkey will cry, a judgment of guilty will be given because of the guiding principle that innocent person is always protected by his guardian angel.

the sacred ass or donkey’s tail ordeal

It was introduced by Dr. Edward Mandel House; (1858 - 1938) a U.S. Physician and a diplomat serving as a confidential adviser to former U.S. President Woodrow Wilson, this method involves intravenous injection or orally taken, such as hyocinebromide, morphine, in either chloroform, sodium amytal, and scopolamine; in which produces a condition of anesthesia.

truth serum

Who introduced truth serum

dr edward mandel house

Used in testing for locating the suspect and the stolen items

truth serum

was first introduced by Franz Anton Miesmer (1734 - 1815), as a method of detection of deception in 1778, Meismer believed in an animal magnetism by which his own personal electro-magnetism for therapeutic effect influenced other person.

hypnotism

An act of inducing hypnosis to dazzle or overcome by suggestion

hypnotism

accordingly giving the subject among a list of careful and selected stimulus words or objects with other pictures, with the instructions to respond with the very first word that may come to subject's mind.

word association

Sir Francis Galton first introduced this method on what year

1879

A swiss psychiatrist, who later developed the galton works and experiment

dr carl gustav

the basic practice is to present orally or visually a group of words, each word sufficiently separated in time from the others so that subjects response to it.

word association

Reason why people lie

defense mechanism used to avoid trouble with law

he recommend that taking the pulse of the suspicious fellow was a practical effective and human method for distinguishing truthfulness from lying. Defoe is one of the person who give suggestion on the employment of medical science in the fight against crime.

daniel defoe (1730)

British novelist wrote an essay entitled "An Effectual Scheme of the Immediate Preventing of Street Robberies and Suppressing all other Disorders of the Night"

daniel defoe

he introduced and used the instrument called as plethysmograph base on his research on emotion and fear in subject's undergoing questioning and he also studied the effects of this variables on their cardio vascular and respiratory activity.

angelo musso (1878)

The use of this instrument revealed periodic undulation or wave motion in his subjects blood pressure caused by the respiratory cycle in response to stimuli

plethysmograph

constructed the clinical polygraph an instrument to be used for medical examinations with the capability to simultaneously record undulated line tracings of the vascular pulses (radial, venous, and arterial), by way of stylus onto a revolving drum of smoke paper (Remnitz 1990).

sir james mackenzie m.d (1892)

Noted as the first person who used or utilized the instrument for the purpose of detecting deception called as hydrosphymograph and used this modified instruments in his experiments to measure the physiological changes that occured in a crime suspect's blood pressure and pulse rate during police interrogation.

cesare lombroso (1895)

The instrument used by Lombroso is same instrument used by the Physician to diagnose the blood pressure of their patient. He used this instrument in actual cases to assist the police in the identification of criminals.

hydrosphymograph

Studied on fear of influence on the heart and his observation subsequently from the basis for detection technique and he develop a type sphygmomanometer and scientific radio for study of fear.

angelo musso (1895)

the first scientist to report on experiments in which he observed that a person's breathing patterned changed under certain stimuli, and that this changed in turn, caused variations in their blood pressure and pulse rate.

angelo musso

this instrument used a clockwork mechanism for the paper rolling and time maker movements and it produced ink recordings of physiological functions that were easier to acquire to interpret.

clinical ink polygraph

refined his clinical polygraph of 1892 he revised the clinical ink polygraph with help of Lancashire watchmaker, Sebastian Shaw

sir james mackenzie (1906)

the self-proclaim "father of the polygraph" Conducted for numerous test for detecting deception utilizing the changes of systolic deception and develop his own method of reading systolic blood pressure.

dr william moulton marston (1915)

Canadian psychologist who devised an instrument capable of continuously recording blood pressure changes, pulse rate and respiration he developed also the breadboard Lie Detctor which is now Polygraph apparatus into a portable form.

dr john a. larson (1921)

credited as forerunner of modern polygraph

dr john a. larson

an Italian psychologist who was accorded the distinction for developing the galvanic skin reflex (GSR) or the galvanometer, which records electrical bodily resistance in terms of ohms, the lowest current ever recorded.

luigi galvani (1791)

Suggested the use of the first galvanograph for detecting deception based from the works of his predecessor and introduced the method of detecting from the galvanic impression on the chart tracing

sticker (1895)

the first one to use the term psycho galvanic reflex and he believed that electrical phenomena is due to activity of the sweat glands.

veraguth (1907)

an Italian psychologist who discovered a method for calculating the quotient of the inhalation to exhalation as a mean of verifying the truth and detecting deception of teh subject.

vittorii benussi (1914)

Determined that the respiratory changes were indication and he also found that changes in systolic blood pressure were valuable in determining deception

harold burt (1918)

who had gained firsthand experience in polygraph interrogations as a result of working with John Larson at the Berkeley Police Department to device a polygraph that used inked pens for recording the relative changes in subject blood pressure, pulse rate, and respiratory patterns, thus eliminating the need for smoking the paper and then preserving it with shellac.

leonarde keeler

He also devised a metal recording bellows, rolled chart paper incorporated Galvanograph with measurement of blood pressure and respiration, deviced a method of questioning, developed a Kymograph

leonarde keeler

In what year the Keeler Polygraph added a galvanometer for recording a psych galvanic skin reflex or electro dermal response.

1949

Who was was credited as a "Father of Modern Day Polygraph" due to his great contribution in use of polygraph instrument

leonarde keeler

a lawyer from Chicago, Illinois developed the Control Questions Technique (CQT) a polygraph technique that incorporated control questions (comparison) were designed to be emotionally arousing for non-deceptive subjects and less emotionally from deceptive subjects that the relevant questions previously used.

john reid

Meaning of RIQT

relevant/irrelevant question techniques

Major breakthrough in polygraphy methodology

reid control question technique

developed the backster zone comparison technique (ZCT)

cleve backster

introduced a quantifications system of chart analysis thus making it more objective and scientific than before. This system for the numerical evaluation of the physiological data collected from the polygraph charts has been adopted as standard procedure in the polygraph field today.

cleve backster

of Fordham University in New York City is the first researcher who used potential computer applications for the purpose of polygraph chart analysis.

dr joseph f. kurbis

Year when the polygraph made its official entrance into the computer age

1992

John Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Maryland, completed a software program called the PolyScore which used sophisticated mathematical algorithm to analyze the polygraph data and to estimate a probability or degree of deception or truthfulness in a subject.

dr dale olsen and john harris

US Department of Energy commissioned a review committee of the National Academy of Science to study the scientific evidence on the polygraph. Today, we use two types of polygraph instruments, the analog and computerize polygraphs

2003

- a force of emotion reaching the organism and excite the deceptors. In short, it is a force that arouses the organism of any part to activity.

stimulus

a scientific instrument which is especially designed to record the Psycho and physiological changes which occur with the body of the subject especially when accompanied by lying.

polygraphy

is an emotional response to specific danger that appears to beyond a person's defensive power

fear

is an uttering or conveying falsehood or creating a false statement.

lying

an act of discovery existence pressure or fact of something hidden or obscure.

detection

any activity or in division of previous activity of an organism or as affector organ, or part of the organism resulting from stimulation.

response

any deviation from the normal tracing of a subject.

specific response

a tracing on the chart where in the subject answer in the irrelevant question.

normal response

refers to a person who conducts the test or adminiters the examination.refers to a person who conducts the test or adminiters the examination.

polygraph examiner

refers to the composite records of the Pneumograph, the Galvanograph, and Cardiosphymograph tracing recorded from a series of questions. (PCCR Instructional module on polygraph 1996).

chart or polygrams

Two types of response

internal response,external response

samples of this response are : Throbbing of heart, increase blood pressure and changes of pulse rate, dryness of the mouth, lump in the throat

internal response

samples of this response are: Sweating, Dryness of the lips, red face or blush and pale face, dilation of the eyes.

external response

4 major components of polygraph

pneumograph component,cardiosphymograph component,galvanograph component,kymograph

2 units of pneumograph component

pneumograph chest assembly,pneumograph abdominal assembly

this unit is simply attached to the subject's chest, the function of this assembly is to record the changes of the subject's heartbeat.

pneumograph chest assembly

this second unit is simply attached to abdomen of the subject the function of this is to record the changes of breathing of the subject.

pneumograph abdominal assembly

This Component is composed of the following unit; Blood Pressure Cuff assembly this unit is simply attached to teh right ot left upper arm of the subject.

cardiosphymograph component

this unit is attached directly to the blood pressure cuff assembly and the Sphygmomanometer this unit is the basis of determining gauge of the air supplied to the arm cuff while the Pump bulb assembly the one that supplies air to the arm cuff through pumping the tube.

pump bulb assembly

this component is composed of two finger electrodes this assembly is attached to the Index and Ring finger of either left or right hand, this assembly will record the skin resistance of the subject with a little amount of electricity.

galvanograph component

component is a motor that pulls the chart paper under the recording pen simultaneously at the rate of six to twelve inches per minute (PCCr Instructional module on polygraph 1996).

kymograph

Meaning of “many” in greek

poly

Meaning of “writing” in greek

graphos

are fastened around the subject Abdominal and in the thoracic (chest) part of the body to monitor the breathing

pneumograph

the arm cuff is fastened to the left or right arm of the subject to monitor the changes in blood pressure and pulse rate upon inflation of the rubber pump and the Finger Electrodes (galvanograph) attached to the finger (index and ring) of the subject to monitor the skin resistance of the subject.

cardiosphymograph

serving as the activator of the body system, the nervous system, thus the brain and all the nerve tissues, receives, evaluates, integrates and stores any stimulus brought to the body from the environment;

nervous system

operates in the body, one of the examples of this simple lay-out of the chain reaction process.

nervous system

this receptor is called in which converts into energy in order to receive and transmit to the so-called effector's,

human sense

Left hemisphere

Verbal competence logical, Speaking, reading, thinking, and reasoning, Processes information in sequence, One piece of data at a time

Right hemisphere

• Nonverbal areas, Comprehension, spatial relationships, drawing, music, emotion, Processes information as a whole intuitive

is the main effector mechanism which the polygraph are concerned.

autonomic nervous system

the one responsible for regulating mechanism that corrects the slightest deviation from a particular standard within very tine limits.

autonomic nervous system

the polygraph techniques has a three foundation or legal basis as to wit:

mechanical legal basis,physiological legal basis,psychological legal basis

The polygraph instrument is a mechanically capable of making graphical records containing reliable information regarding physiological changes.

mechanical legal basis

among the physiological basis that maybe recorded and identified are those that automatically occur only on the stimulation of a specific nervous system components can be reliably diagnosed.

physiological legal basis

under the polygraph legal premise, the specific nervouse system components whose stimulation can thus be diagnosed are so stimulated by the involuntary mental and emotional processes of the individual who is consciously attempting concealment of deception specially when an individual has something at stake and the prevailing circumstances lead him to believe that exposure to detection is quite possible although undesirable.

psychological legal basis

In order to conduct satisfactory polygraph examination, it is necessary for the examiner to obtain first accurate information regarding all the available facts and circumstances that will be a basis of suspicion or accusation directed against the person to be examined.

preliminary preperation

is the scientific method of detecting deception with the use of a Polygraph instrument. It is the new term of Lie Detection.

polygraphy

is a scientific diagnostic instrument used to record physiological changes in the blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration and skin resistance of an examinee

polygraph instrument

It is used to test an individual for the purpose of deterring deception or verify the truth of the statement. Polygraph records, and identify physiological reactions of the subject such as : blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration and skin resistance.

polygraph examination

is a series of test conducted on the person involved in the commission of a crime and referred to the polygraph branch, and the formulation of questions which is answerable by yes or no.

polygraph examination

Principal uses of polygraph

It is an aid to the investigator,It speeds up the process of investigation,It eliminates innocent suspect,The investigator could focus or concentrate to the subject to determine the truth or deception

Other Uses of Polygraph

criminal investigation,pre-employment screening,periodic screening,promotion

it is a valuable tool of criminal investigation. It provides fast means of eliminating innocent suspects, give clue about the identity of criminal suspect, verified statement of those who are involved and save a lot of time and effort during the process of investigation.

criminal investigation

It is the fastest and most accurate means of verifying statement of a job applicant from derogatory remarks by a previous employer who bears personal grudge against him.

pre-employment screening

It is the best way of the company to determine dishonest employee who are esponsible for company losses

periodic screening

There are instances wherein the company has difficulty in deciding between two or more candidates to be promoted polygraph test helps to determine who is the most qualified as well as employee's future intents against the company

promotion