問題一覧
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What is linux?
operating system
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Linux is family of...
Free and open source operating systems
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Operating systems based on Linux are known as Linux distributions or distros. Examples include?
Ubuntu, Fedora, Redhat, Suse, Debian, CentOS
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Operating system(OS) is
is a program that acts as an interface between the computer user and computer hardware and controls the execution of programs
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The three most common operating systems are
Linux, macOS, Windows
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Windows
pre-loaded in all computers except Apple products
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macOS
pre-loaded OS on all Apple Mac computers
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Linux
not pre-loaded on many computers but free to download
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Who designed linux?
Linus Torvalds
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Linux operating system kernel in?
1991
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Torvalds set out to develop...... Operating system
for personal computers, flexible, free
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Linux is an offshoot of..
Unix
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Unix developed by...
Bell Labs
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Unix developed in
1969
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A command prompt gives us greater control and flexibility over the system or software we are creating
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in that the File System of Linux is not represented by
Hard Drives, CD Drives like c:\ & d:\ etc
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the whole system of Linux is represented by
drives, folders, ‘/’. Files, root directory
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ROOT DIRECTORY OF THE ENTIRE FILE SYSTEM HIERARCHY
/
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/bin/
ESSENTIAL USER COMMAND BINARIES
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/boot/
STATIC FILES OF THE BOOT LOADER
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/dev/
DEVICE FILES
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/etc/
HOST-SPECIFIC SYSTEM CONFIGURATION REQUIRED DIRECTORIES OPT, XII, SOML, XML
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/home/
USER HOME DIRECTORIES
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/lib/
ESSENTIAL SHARED LIBRARIES AND KERNEL MODULES
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/media/
MOUNT POINT FOR REMOVABLE MEDIA
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/mnt/
MOUNT POINT FOR A TEMPORARILY MOUNTED FILESYSTEMS
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/opt/
ADD-ON APPLICATION SOFTWARE PACKAGES
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/sbin/
SYSTEM BINARIES
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/srv/
DATA FOR SERVICES PROVIDED BY THIS SYSTEM
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/tmp/
TEMPORARY FILES
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/usr/
(MULTI-)USER UTILITIES AND APPLICATIONS SECONDARY HIERARCHY
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/var/
VARIABLE FILES
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/root/
HOME DIRECTORY FOR THE ROOT USER
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/proc/
VIRTUAL FILESYSTEM DOCUMENTING KERNEL AND PROCESS STATUS AS TEXT FILES
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/
root directory
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etc
contains all system related configuration files used to control the operation of programmes
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bin
contains the executable programmes for the operating system
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usr
contains all libraries, executable programmes etc. installed by the users
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media
for mounting removable media e.g. hard drives, CD-ROM
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root
home directory of the root user
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home
parent directory to all users' home directories
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directory you start in is
your home directory
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Terminal
Interface Between Human and Computer a mechanism to transfer information, text-only window
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shell
command line interpreter, the program in LINUX that interprets the commands you enter in the terminal window and tells the operating system what you want to do.
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pwd
is a useful command to check the full path of where you are currently, print working directory, Display the directory you are currently working in., This can save you from getting lost
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who
This will display information about who is logged on, both yourself and others.
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whoami
This will display information about the current user i.e. You!
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Is
List or display all the visible files within the directory that you are currently in.
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man Command
provide you with the manual for the given command
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cd..
Change Directory-to one level up the tree.
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cd-
Change Directory to the home directory
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mkdir
Make Directory-this creates a new directory within the current working directory
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rm
Remove or delete files
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rmdir Directory
Remove Directory-This will delete the named empty directory
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rm -r Directory
Remove the directory along with its contents
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rm-i Directory
Remove the directory after confirmation
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rm-ir Directory
Remove the combination will remove all files within the directory and ask for confirmation for each file within it.
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mv filename new filename
Move-This will move the file to a new location
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cp filename new filename
Copy-This will make a copy of the file under the specified name.
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touch filename
Create a new file with the filename