問題一覧
1
what 5 spheres make up earth?
atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, lithosphere and asthenosphere
2
what is the lithosphere?
the rigid outer layer of earth consisting of the crust and upper mantle
3
what is the asthenosphere?
100-410 km in earths surface, consisting of the upper mantle.
4
who came up with the theory of continental drift?
Alfred wanger
5
what is the theory of continental drift?
that earth is one big jigsaw puzzle and all the continents fit together
6
what was Pangea
first supercontinent formed 250 million years ago
7
what was Gondwana
one of two supercontinents when Pangea split, containing Australia, New Zealand, madageser, Africa, Suth America and India
8
what is the theory of plate tectonics
earths outer shell is divided into several plates that glide over earths Ricky inner layer
9
what supports plate tectonics
observations of sea floor spreading
10
what are the 3 plate boundaries?
convergent, divergent and transform-fault
11
what happens at convergent boundaries
plates move toward each other and form volcanos
12
what happens at divergent boundaries
plates move away from each other and create oceanic ridges
13
what happens at transform-fault boundaries?
plates slide pass each other causing earthquakes
14
what is the result of sudden movement of tectonic plates?
earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis, mudslides, geysers etc
15
what is an earthquake
when rocks break and move due to stress it causes a shaking and vibration on the surface
16
what effects do earthquakes have on the atmosphere?
dust and gas emission
17
what effects do earthquakes have on the hydrosphere?
if underwater: tsunamis
18
what effects do earthquakes have on the lithosphere?
changes in earths surface
19
what effects do earthquakes have on the non human biosphere?
destruction of vegetation
20
what effects do earthquakes have on the human biosphere?
death injury and disease
21
what is a volcano?
volcanos are formed when molten rock or magma burst through a weakness in earths crust. heat and pressure builds eventually erupting from volcanic fissures
22
what effects do volcanos have on the atmosphere?
dust gas and rocks are released
23
what effects do volcanos have on the hydrosphere?
tidal waves, pollution of water
24
what effects do volcanos have on the lithosphere?
alter land formations, create new lands and changes in ecosystem
25
what effects do volcanos have on the non human biosphere
destruction of habitat and vegetation death
26
what effects do volcanos have on the human biosphere?
death, town infrastructure loss and physical problems
27
what is a tsunami?
a series of waves cause by wave displacement during earthquakes or volcanic eruptions
28
what effects do tsunamis have on the atmosphere?
high winds
29
what effects do tsunamis have on the hydrosphere?
flooding, pollution, salt water contaminating freshwater
30
what effects do tsunamis have on the lithosphere?
landslides, topsoil removed and contamination of water
31
what effects do tsunamis have on the non human biosphere
crops and trees destroyed, animal life threatened
32
what effects do tsunamis have on the human biosphere?
death, injury, economic and infrastructure loss
33
what is a cyclone?
a characterised tropical storm moving in a circular direction
34
what effects do cyclones have on the atmosphere?
wind and rain
35
what effects do cyclones have on the hydrosphere?
pollution, rough seas and storm surges
36
what effects do cyclones have on the lithosphere?
floods, landslides, topsoil and beach erosion
37
what effects do cyclones have on the non human biosphere?
destruction of habitat and trees/ crops
38
what effects do cyclones have on the human biosphere?
water supply and electricity affected and loss of life
39
what are the 4 main steps of the water cycle?
evaporation, condensation, precipitation and collection
40
what are the main steps of the carbon cycle?
photosynthesis, decomposition, respiration and combustion
41
what is the universe?
all existing matter and space as a whole
42
what is a galaxy
an enormous collection of gas, dust and stars spinning in space held together by gravitational forces
43
what is a star
a hot glowing ball of gas mainly made of helium and hydrogen
44
what is a solar system?
a make up if oalentd and moon that orbit around a star, accompanied by meteoroids, comets and asteroids
45
how is distance measured in the universe
astronomical distance
46
what is the order of the planets?
mercury , Venus , earth , mars , Jupiter , Saturn , Uranus , Neptune
47
what is the life of an average star?
stellar nebula , average star , red giant , planetary nebula , white dwarf
48
what is the life of a massive/giant star?
stellar nebula , massive/giant star , red super giant , supernova , either neutron star or black hole
49
what types of electromagnetic waves are used to get information from space?
radio waves , infrared waves , visible waves
50
what types of telescopes are used to see space?
optical, radio and Hubble space telescopes
51
what are the advantages of earth based telescopes
easy access , cheaper
52
what are the disadvantages earth based telescopes?
atmosphère blues images
53
what are advantages of space based telescopes
better resolution , no interference from atmosphere
54
what are the disadvantages of space based telescopes
more expensive , harder maintain
55
what are some theories of how the universe came to be
steady state universe , eternal inflation , oscillating universe , digital simulation
56
what is the Big Bang theory?
the universe exploded in all direction from a single point
57
what is some evidence of the Big Bang?
Doppler effect , cosmic background radiation , bubbles law , presence of lighter elements
58
what type of plate boundary is this?
contiental to oceanic convergent
59
what type of plate boundary is this?
continental to continental divergent
60
what are tectonic plates
plates that float on top of molten rock (aesthenosphere)
61
how many tectonic plates are there?
15