問題一覧
1
Statins are a class of drugs commonly prescribed for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Which of the following is their primary mechanism of action?
Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, leading to decreased cholesterol synthesis
2
What is the function of the LDL receptor in cholesterol metabolism?
It binds and internalises LDL particles, facilitating their clearance from circulation
3
What does the genetic disorder familial hypercholesterolemia cause?
A decreased number of LDL receptors
4
The correct fatty acid nomenclature for C18:2 is
Ocatdecadienoic acid
5
Which of the following is a consequence of familial hypercholesterolemia(FH)?
Elevated LDL cholesterol levels due to defective LDL receptors
6
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of phospholipids?
They contain a glycerol backbone, two fatty acids and a phosphate group
7
Which of the following eicosanoids is synthesised in a pathway which requires the enzyme cyclooxygenase?
Both A and C
8
Which of the following is a major risk factor associated with hypercholesterolemia?
Increased LDL
9
Which of the following fatty acids is considered essential for human health?
Linoleic acid (C18:2)
10
How do omega-3 fatty acids contribute to cardiovascular health?
By reducing platelet aggregation and inflammation
11
Which class of lipoprotein functions to mobilise dietary triglycerides?
Chylomicrons
12
Cholesterol is classified as which type of lipid?
Steroid
13
Which enzyme is responsible for the esterification of cholesterol to form cholesterol esters in the liver and intestine?
Acyl-CoAacyltransferase (ACAT)
14
Which of the following is a primary mechanism by which omega-3 fatty acids reduce inflammation?
Inhibition of COX-2 and lipoxygenase enzymes involved in prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis
15
Which of the following classes of acyl-lipids are primarily used as a source of stored energy?
Triacylglycerol
16
Which of the following is a dietary source of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an essential omega- 3 fatty acid?
Flaxseed oil
17
Which of the following lipids is primarily responsible for the formation of the lipid bilayer in biological membranes?
Phospholipids
18
Omega-3 fatty acids are important for brain health. Which of the following omega-3s is especially crucial for the development and function of the central nervous system?
DHA
19
Which of the following omega-3 fatty acids is most commonly found in fatty fish?
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
20
Which type of bond is formed between the fatty acid and glycerol in a triglyceride?
Ester bond