- changed the way Europeans looked at the world. • People began to make conclusions based on experimentation and observation

an ancient Greek astronomer and he taught that the Earth was the center of the universe. (geocentric theory)

It was supported by the Church and accepted for 1400 years..

He was a Polish astronomer who studied in Italy and he challenged Ptolomy’s geocentric theory

He wrote in his book that The universe is heliocentric, or sun-centered. The Earth is merely one of several planets revolving around the sun.

Copernicus came to his conclusions using _______

The Copernican conception of the universe marked the start of ______ science and astronomy.

book of copernicus

Theory that the planets orbited the sun rather than the Earth

It was illegal to read the theories of Copernicus for ______ years!

He was an Italian astronomer who built upon the work of earlier scientists such as Copernicus.

He assembled the first telescope which allowed him to see mountains on the moon and fiery spots on the sun.

He also observed four moons rotating around Jupiter.

He agreed with Copernicus and proved his heliocentric theory was true. He declared that the sun centered model was correct!

The church called Galileo a ______

_____ was put under house arrest, and was not allowed to publish his ideas.

- Discovered how to regulate clocks. • He was a mathematician, astronomer, and musician

- Called the Father of MODERN SCIENCE • First developed idea of MATHEMATICAL BASIS for natural laws

Ground-breaking experiments on mechanics - acceleration, friction, motion of pendulums, etc.

He believed that there was no motion without a cause.

The cause of the downward motion of heavy objects was related to their _______,

Before Newton's time, all natural elements were considered to be under the direct control of _____. Physical laws were not needed, because ______ controlled everything.

He was an English scholar who built upon the work of Copernicus and Galileo.

He was the most influential scientist of the Scientific Revolution.

He used math to prove the existence of gravity - a force that kept planets in their orbits around the sun, and also caused objects to fall towards the earth.

He discovered laws of light and color, and formulated the laws of motion:

Newton published his scientific ideas in his book ____

He invented calculus: a method of mathematical analysis.

He was even knighted during his time at Cambridge by Queen Anne! His work brought him fame and a fellowship at Cambridge University (scholarship for study).

Just like Galilei, he also agreed with the heliocentric model

He said that planets travel around the sun in elliptical paths

These laws are consistent with & are obtainable from Newton's Laws

All planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus

The RADIUS VECTOR drawn from the Sun to a planet sweeps out EQUAL areas in equal time intervals

The SQUARE of the orbital period of any planet is PROPORTIONAL to the CUBE of the semimajor axis of the elliptical orbit

In 1596, at age 25, Kepler published a book – ________. His book explained why, logically, the sun lay at the center of the solar system.

His job as a mathematician disappeared and he had to tell horoscopes to make a living.

He was an English philosopher who wrote Advancement of Learning.

He popularized the scientific method and used it with philosophy and knowledge.

He argued that truth could not be known at the beginning of a question, but only at the end after a long process of INVESTIGATION.

By the early 1600s, a new approach to science had emerged, known as the _______

He was a French scientist, mathematician, and philosopher.

He emphasized HUMAN REASONING as the best road to understanding.

Like Bacon, _____ also believed that TRUTH was only found after a long process of studying and investigation.

He said, “I think, therefore I am”