A polish mathematician and astronomer, challenged the Ptolemaic model. He introduced the concept of heliocentrism

It also answered issues that could not be explained by geocentric model. Other works that supported this model started to emerge as well.

He introduced the geocentric model in the 6th century.

Contains innate biological instincts and desires.

In __, __, an English naturalist, biologist, and geologist, published his book, __.

People perceived it to be contradictory to the church's teachings that the source of life is a powerful creator.

Greek speculation about "nature" known as "pre-Socratic" or "non- theological" or "first philosophy"

Considered to be one of the most controversial intellectual revolutions of its time.

Internalizes societal rules and morals.

Astronomers realized that the __ simplified the orbits for planets.

It is a period where human shifts more on scientific beliefs.

This era began what was known as the scientific revolution which resulted in the transformation of society's thoughts and beliefs.

Three characteristics of intellectual revolution philosophy

In this book "On the Origin of Species", Darwin introduced the __.

It was eventually accepted by the people in a period which was called the birth of modern astronomy.

It sparked a massive debate between science and religion.

These are some of the theories that replaced the old and unscientific knowledge of society.

The dynamic interplay and conflicts among these entities shape an Individual's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

They are some of the intellectual revolutionists.

It is required among the components for optimal functioning.

Described the absolute perception of the universe with the Earth as its center which was thought to be true by most of the people at that time.

The theory emerged at a time when most of the population believed and accepted the biblical version of the Earth's creation.

Sigmund Freud's structural model of the psyche posits three Interacting systerms:

Because of this conflict, the people were divided. some believed that the theory explained the origin of life, but the religious and the faithful strongly refuted it.

-"the better adapted a species is, the more fitted it is to reproduce"

Posited that populations pass through a process of natural selection in which only the fittest would survive.

The center of the Solar System was not the Earth but actually the sun.

In the past, the field of psychology was always classified under __. __ was considered more of an art rather than a science.

Mediates between the demands of the id, the superego, and reality.

In the late 19th century, __, an Austrian neurologist, was able to change people's perception of psychology with his revolutionary __.

Became very controversial.

Proposed natural selection organisms survived due to random genetic mutations leading to the preservation of their descendants.

It was only after some time that people came to understand that Darwin's theory of evolution was not in fact against the teachings of the church and both can coexist.

Many believed that his theory had no scientific basis as no empirical or experimental data could support it

Organisms have the ability to adapt to their environment and would gradually change into something that would be more competitive to survive, a process known as evolution.