in brain areas that are important in focusing attention is not complete until the end of the elementary school years.

Another aspect of adaptation involves changing or altering our existing schemas in light of new information, a process known as accommodation. Accommodation involves altering existing schemas, or ideas, as a result of new information or new experiences.

in the areas of the brain related to hand-eye coordination is not complete until about four years of age

A newborn typically communicates to the environment through reflexes. These are unlearned and automatic responses to a specific stimulus

14 months): This substage involves coordinating sensation and new schemas. For example, a child may suck his or her thumb by accident and then later intentionally repeat the action

Since parents are the immediate environment of the developing child, their impact is Considered unmeasurable, most especially during the early stage of life. The parenting beliefs are usually translated into practice and may affect the range of opportunities provided to the child. In fact, the United Nation's International Children's Fund (UNICEF) 2004 report on the importance of caregiver-child interaction, they placed the caregiver, in most cases the parents, central component in the child's general survival.

There are many observable physical changes among children coming from infancy. Specifically, they begin gaining control over many of their activities such as having a s table capability to balance, hence, to walk and run.

8-12 montbs): During this substage, the child starts to show clear intentional actions. The child may also combine schemas in order to achieve a desired effect. Children begin exploring the environment around them and will often imitate the observed behavior of others.

Knowledge and practices about the nutritional components of what one is eating can have short and long-term effect.

which is also called as the master gland since it coordinates the activities of the otherglands.This secretes growth hormones that stimulates the growth and development of bodycells.The effect of this is obviously seen in the height ofa person.

Piaget believed that all children try to strike a balance between assimilation and accommodation, which is achieved through a mechanism Piaget called equilibration. As children progress through the stages of cognitive development, it is important to maintain a balance between applying previous knowledge (assimilation) and changing behavior to account for new knowledge (accommodation), Equilibration helps explain how children are able to move from one stage of thought into the next.

This system is composed of glands that are attached to the different parts of the body. These glands secrete hormones directly to the bloodstream

was a Swiss psychologist famous for his studies of the intellectual growth of children and his influential theories of cognitive development. Piaget's background was in biology, and as a teenager he gained a measure of fame for his studies and publications on mollusks

18-24 months): Children begin 'to develop symbols to represent events or objects in the world in the final sensorimotor substage. During this time, children begin to move towards understanding the world through mental operations rather than purely through actions

Adult physical development can be both characterized as the peak of physical maturation and physical deterioration. The early adulthood stage primarily focused on strengthened physical capabilities, most especially during the early 20s while weight seemed to decline during the early 60s.

composing the brain and the spinal cord, controls major activities and makes the necessary behavioral and non-behavioral responses

4-8 months): During this substage, the child becomes more focused on the world and begins to intentionally repeat an action in order to trigger a response in the environment. For example, a child will purposefully pick up a toy in order to put it in his or her mouth.

describes both the mental and physical actions involved in understanding and knowing, Schemas are categories of knowledge that help us to interpret and understand the world. In Piaget's view, a schema includes both a category of knowledge and the process of obtaining that knowledge

are located in the sex organs, testes and ovaries, that are directly in charge in the development of reproductive development. The testes are producing testosterone while ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone. The production of these hormones become more prominent during adolescent stage

Piaget’s concept of grouping isolated behaviors into a higher-order, more smoothly functioning cognitive system; the grouping or arranging of items into categories. The use of organization improves long-term memory

12-18 months): Children begin a period of trial-and-error experimentation during the fifth substage. For example, a child may try out different sounds of actions as a way of getting attention from a caregiver

supports sexual motivation. Likewise,it aids in bone and muscular development.

0-1 month): During this substage, the child understands the environment purely through inborn reflexes such as sucking and looking

refers to the non-social aspects of the one's environment, such as but not limited to, the place where one Iives and the accompanying materials within it. Space. For instance. is significantly important for one to have more opportunities for movements, Children who lives with limited space may not warrant acthvites that require gross motor

is composed of channels of connections that receive and send signals, and different parts of the body

The number and size of the brain's nerve endings continue to grow until adolescence. Some of the brain's increase in size is due to

It is during this period that growth spurt is expected to take place, most especially in the physical domain. They undergo changes that are both physically obvious and otherwise

The first stage of Piaget's theory lasts from birth to approximately age two and is centered on the infant trying to make sense of the world.

The process of taking in new information into our previously existing schemas is known as assimilation. The process is somewhat subjective, because we tend to modify experience or information somewhat, to fit in with our preexisting beliefs.

which secretes thyroxine.that.contributesto the growth and development of the brain.Hence,deficiency on this hormone can result to mental retardation and other possible learning problems.

nervous System composed 2 different major system

occurs between ages two and six. Language development is one of the hallmarks of this period. Piaget noted that children in this stage do not yet understand concrete topic, cannot mentally manipulate information, and are unable to take the point of view of other people, which he termed egocentrism

This system is a coordinating system of the body. Its function is necessary in synchronizing the internal and external stimuli and response structure.

Another well-known experiment involves demonstrating a child's understanding of conservation. In one conservation experiment, equal amounts of liquid are poured into two identical containers.

Piaget used a number of creative and clever techniques to study the mental abilities of children. One of the famous techniques is egocentrism which involved using a three-dimensional display of a mountain scene. According to Piaget, children experience this difficulty because they are unable to take on another person's perspective

Although physical development is seen as significantly rooted from biological and genetic processes and whatever changes appear are attributed as product of these processes. However, social interaction, whether of the same age or not, can actually provide assistance in increasing opportunities for physical development. Among these opportunities are the amount of play engagement children are provided.