prepared by placing a drop of suspension on a clear glass slide and covering it with a cover slip.

prepared by placing a drop of suspension on a cover slip which is then inverted over the concave portion of the hollow-ground or depression glass slide.

a bacterial or microbial suspension is dried and heat fixed so that it will adhere to the glass slide. Such smear is then stained with colored dyes.

the organism to be studied will absorb the stain thus making the cell appear colored.

only one type of dye is used for the general study of the organisms. No specials structure of the cell is distinguished because the cell is evenly stained by the dye.

use more than one dye to contrast two or more microbial cell structures or organisms of the same or different species that are being examined. It is used to compare the appearance or response of the organism with different physiological characteristics to certain staining techniques.

differentiates Gram (+) from Gram (-) bacteria based on cell wall coloration.

differentiates the Genus Mycobacteria which are acid fast from the non-acid fast bacteria. Acid fast bacteria have high content of mycolic acids in their cell walls. Acid fast bacteria will be red, while non-acid fast bacteria will stain blue or green based on counterstain.

specific cell structures areselectively colored by special dyes such that these are distinguished from the vegetative cell.

for bacterial spores

for flagella

also known as primary stain. It is the first stain that is applied on the specimen wherein the cell will appear colored.

any substance which will form a bridge between the cell and the initial stain, so that the cell being studied will better retain the stain color.

what are the to types of mordant

such as heat or cold

such as iodine, or tannic acid, and others

any substance that may be used to remove the initial stain. This is especially important when you want to contrast the staining affinity of some parts of the cell to the initial stain. The decolorized stain will then be replaced by the secondary stain or counter stain.

It is the stain that is applied to decolorized cell or cell parts. This will help in differentiating the physiological characteristic of some special structures that are present in the cell.

is an organic compound responsible for staining or coloring certain materials or cell structures.

what are the two groups of dyes

responsible for giving a specifc color to a compound.

responsible for transferring the color of the dye to a substance or material to which the dye will act upon.

what are the type of reageant used in differential and selective staining

spherical or round in shape. Cocci means “berry” in Greek.

straight, sausage or cigarette-shaped, cylindrical or elongated rods.

spiral or curved rods having a helio-coidal or cork-screw shape.

curved rods, resembling a comma. It is an incomplete spiral and forms an S-shaped strand or serpentine formation when grown together.

give me an example of comma shaped

actual or incomplete spirals, helices or may resemble the appearance of cork-screw. Its cell is relatively rigid.

give me an example of spirilla

they look like spirilla but their bodies are flexible and they wiggle while moving about. The movement results from the contraction of the axial filament or flagellum which spirals around the organism between the plasma membrane and the cell wall.

give me an example of spirochettes

give me example of bacilli

give me the example of cocci

what is the color of violet crystal in gram positive and negative?

what is the color of iodine in gram + and -

what is the color of acetone alcohol in gram + and -

what is the color of safranin o in gram + and -