Important in maintaining and sustaining life

System: works together to accomplish a certain goal

Organelles not included:

Dark part of the nucleus

Region of some chromosomes containing DNA that ENCODE RRNA

NUCLEOLUS Aggregates the rRNA with — to assemble the RIBOSOMAL SUBUNITS that are transported out through the —

Structural parts for the RIBOSOMES ARE CREATED to facilitate — in the ROUGH ER

— synthesizes rRNA which is responsible for the formation of — of the ribosome for protein synthesis to be transported to the rough ER

Factory of the ribosome because it contains the ribosomal protein

ribosomes not attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

Double membrane structure: inner and outer phospholipid (Phospholipid bilayer)

Has pores that control the passage of ions, molecules, and rNA between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm

small opening, contains phospholipid bilayer

A series of interconnected membranous sacs and tubules that MODIFIES PROTEINS and SYNTHESIZES LIPIDS

Few or no ribosomes

Synthesize carbohydrates, lipids, steroid hormones,

DETOXIFICATION of MEDICATION and POISONS and storage of calcium ions

: responsible for STORAGE OF CALCIUM for the contraction of MUSCLE cell, specialized ER, has many in the heart to regulate the heart, interconnected by a — (kapag kulang nito magkakaron ng irregular heartbeat or complication in the kidney which is kidney stones)

single layer phospholipid

SER After MODIFYING molecules from the ER, it will pinch out through the phospholipid bilayer transforming into — which is the TRANSPORT vesicle, this transport vesicle will then go to the —

Ribosomes are attached to cytoplasmic surface

RER Modified proteins will be incorporated in to — or — from the cell

Rough ER modifies —

is continuous to the RER

RER It is responsible for — = changing and adding sugar and phosphate, ions, and sulfide

: RESPONSIBLE FOR PROTEINS which is poached with nutrients

This will CREATE RIBOSOMES responsible for protein synthesis:

: where the news synthesized PROTEINS were TRANSFERRED and MODIFIED

: contain RIBOSOMES held together by MICROTUBULES of the CYTOSKELETON (ribosomes are attached to cytoplasmic surfaces)

: sacs where FOLDING OF PROTEIN molecules occur, phospholipid bilayer, membrane

Hollow portion membrane

Continuous with nuclear envelope

Membrane bounded sacs that functions as STORAGE

Component of Vacuoles

Smaller and can fuse with either the plasma membrane or other membrane systems within the cell

A series of flattened membranes where SORTING, TAGGING, PACKAGING, and DISTRIBUTION of lipids and proteins take place

Transport vesicles that formed from the ER travel to the —, fuse with it, and empty their contents into the — of the golgi apparatus

Further modification takes place to allow them to be SORTED

— is the most frequence modification

GOLGI APP Modified proteins and lipids are tagged with — or other molecules so that they can be —

The modified and tagged proteins are packaged into — that bud from the — of the Golgi

While some of these vesicles deposit their contents into other — where they will be used, other in — and their contents —

GOLGI Receives — from the ER, which are packaged in a vesicle in the Golgi Apparatus, processed and finally, pinched off as a —

In plants, the Golgi apparatus has the additional role in —, some of which are incorporated into the CELL WALL and some are used in OTHER PARTS OF THE CELL Sugar: —

The one that pinches out the transface

Contains the processed molecules to be transported OUTSIDE THE CELL MEMBRANE

According to the video, if the molecules are MEANT FOR THE CELL, it will be enclosed in a —

Can also be delivered to the vacuole

: sorting center, responsible for receiving proteins and lipids

: releases the processed proteins and lipids

: when 2 cell membranes have the same component (e.g.: bacteria from hands and soap)

Small, round organelles enclosed by a single membrane

Carry out OXIDATION reactions that break down fatty acids and amino acid safely

Abundant in the ENDOCRINE PANCREAS which produces glucagon and insulin In the liver,

— are involved in converting glucose into —

Specialized peroxisomes in plants converting stored FATS INTO SUGAR

Mitochondrion : plural

Has their own ribosome and dna (same with chloroplast)

Powerhouse or energy factory

Oval-shaped, phospholipid bilayer, embedded with proteins

Site of cellular respiration

Role in apoptosis

MITOCHONDRION Forms — which is the source of energy for use and storage at cellular level

MITOCHONDRION Product:

Cellular Respiration 3 Stages:

: metabolic pathway that converts GLUCOSE INTO PYRUVATE (only in prokaryotes)

: is where the kreb cycle occurs

: where electron transport occurs

: not enough oxygen

: raw material of lactic acid

: respiration through which cells can BREAK DOWN SUGARS TO GENERATE ENERGY in the absence of oxygen

The ribosomes are synthesized in the nucleolus through the — and — (the —2 are the subunits)

rRNA and ribosomal protein comes from the —

2. It will go to the — then nuclear membrane which has nuclear pores going to the —

Membrane of ER is

— does not produce or synthesize protein instead it synthesize lipids, carbohydrates

— has ribosomes which synthesize protein, modifies protein

Afterwards there will be a formation of vesicles specifically a — from the smooth and rough ER

After forming, the golgi apparatus will fuse with its — and expel its components in the — of the golgi apparatus

Next is —

After that it will come out of the — of the Golgi forming — vesicles

Secretory vesicle will bring it to the — for storage or to transport — the cell or some proteins are free proteins which will produce another ribosome/ribosomal protein

SER After MODIFYING molecules from the ER, it will pinch out through the phospholipid bilayer transforming into — which is the TRANSPORT vesicle, this transport vesicle will then go to the —