Endomembrane System

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Important in maintaining and sustaining life

Endomembrane System

System: works together to accomplish a certain goal

Endomembrane System

Organelles not included:

peroxisomes, mitochondria, and glyoxysomes

Dark part of the nucleus

Nucleolus

Region of some chromosomes containing DNA that ENCODE RRNA

Nucleolus

NUCLEOLUS Aggregates the rRNA with — to assemble the RIBOSOMAL SUBUNITS that are transported out through the —

ribosomal proteins pores of the nuclear membrane

Structural parts for the RIBOSOMES ARE CREATED to facilitate — in the ROUGH ER

protein synthesis

— synthesizes rRNA which is responsible for the formation of — of the ribosome for protein synthesis to be transported to the rough ER

nucleolus small and large units

Factory of the ribosome because it contains the ribosomal protein

Nucleolus

ribosomes not attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

Free Ribosomes

Double membrane structure: inner and outer phospholipid (Phospholipid bilayer)

Nuclear Envelope

Has pores that control the passage of ions, molecules, and rNA between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm

Nuclear Envelope

small opening, contains phospholipid bilayer

Nuclear pores:

A series of interconnected membranous sacs and tubules that MODIFIES PROTEINS and SYNTHESIZES LIPIDS

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Few or no ribosomes

Smooth ER

Synthesize carbohydrates, lipids, steroid hormones,

Smooth ER

DETOXIFICATION of MEDICATION and POISONS and storage of calcium ions

Smooth ER

: responsible for STORAGE OF CALCIUM for the contraction of MUSCLE cell, specialized ER, has many in the heart to regulate the heart, interconnected by a — (kapag kulang nito magkakaron ng irregular heartbeat or complication in the kidney which is kidney stones)

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum tubule

single layer phospholipid

Transport Vesicles:

SER After MODIFYING molecules from the ER, it will pinch out through the phospholipid bilayer transforming into — which is the TRANSPORT vesicle, this transport vesicle will then go to the —

phospholipid single layer golgi apparatus

Ribosomes are attached to cytoplasmic surface

Rough ER

RER Modified proteins will be incorporated in to — or — from the cell

cellular membranes secreted

Rough ER modifies —

protein

is continuous to the RER

Nuclear membrane

RER It is responsible for — = changing and adding sugar and phosphate, ions, and sulfide

modification

: RESPONSIBLE FOR PROTEINS which is poached with nutrients

Ribosomes

This will CREATE RIBOSOMES responsible for protein synthesis:

Lumen Cisternae

: where the news synthesized PROTEINS were TRANSFERRED and MODIFIED

Lumen

: contain RIBOSOMES held together by MICROTUBULES of the CYTOSKELETON (ribosomes are attached to cytoplasmic surfaces)

Sections of the Cisternae

: sacs where FOLDING OF PROTEIN molecules occur, phospholipid bilayer, membrane

Cisternae

Hollow portion membrane

Lumen/cisternal Space

Continuous with nuclear envelope

Lumen/cisternal Space

Membrane bounded sacs that functions as STORAGE

Vacuoles

Component of Vacuoles

phospholipid

Smaller and can fuse with either the plasma membrane or other membrane systems within the cell

Transport Vesicles

A series of flattened membranes where SORTING, TAGGING, PACKAGING, and DISTRIBUTION of lipids and proteins take place

Golgi Apparatus

Transport vesicles that formed from the ER travel to the —, fuse with it, and empty their contents into the — of the golgi apparatus

cis face lumen

Further modification takes place to allow them to be SORTED

Golgi Apparatus

— is the most frequence modification

Addition of short chains of sugar

GOLGI APP Modified proteins and lipids are tagged with — or other molecules so that they can be —

phosphate group routed properly

The modified and tagged proteins are packaged into — that bud from the — of the Golgi

secretory vesicles transface

While some of these vesicles deposit their contents into other — where they will be used, other in — and their contents —

parts of the cell plasma membrane outside the cell

GOLGI Receives — from the ER, which are packaged in a vesicle in the Golgi Apparatus, processed and finally, pinched off as a —

protein enzymes lysosome

In plants, the Golgi apparatus has the additional role in —, some of which are incorporated into the CELL WALL and some are used in OTHER PARTS OF THE CELL Sugar: —

synthesizing polysaccharides cell identification

The one that pinches out the transface

Secretory Vesicle

Contains the processed molecules to be transported OUTSIDE THE CELL MEMBRANE

Secretory Vesicle

According to the video, if the molecules are MEANT FOR THE CELL, it will be enclosed in a —

lysosomal vesicles

Can also be delivered to the vacuole

Secretory Vesicle

: sorting center, responsible for receiving proteins and lipids

Cis Face

: releases the processed proteins and lipids

Trans Face

: when 2 cell membranes have the same component (e.g.: bacteria from hands and soap)

Fusion

Small, round organelles enclosed by a single membrane

Peroxisomes

Carry out OXIDATION reactions that break down fatty acids and amino acid safely

Peroxisomes

Abundant in the ENDOCRINE PANCREAS which produces glucagon and insulin In the liver,

peroxisomes

— are involved in converting glucose into —

peroxisomes glycogen

Specialized peroxisomes in plants converting stored FATS INTO SUGAR

Glyoxysomes

Mitochondrion : plural

Mitochondria

Has their own ribosome and dna (same with chloroplast)

Mitochondrion

Powerhouse or energy factory

Mitochondrion

Oval-shaped, phospholipid bilayer, embedded with proteins

Mitochondrion

Site of cellular respiration

Mitochondrion

Role in apoptosis

Mitochondrion

MITOCHONDRION Forms — which is the source of energy for use and storage at cellular level

ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)

MITOCHONDRION Product:

lactic acid and alcohol

Cellular Respiration 3 Stages:

Glycolysis Kreb cycle Cristae

: metabolic pathway that converts GLUCOSE INTO PYRUVATE (only in prokaryotes)

Glycolysis

: is where the kreb cycle occurs

matrix Kreb cycle (Matrix)

: where electron transport occurs

Cristae (Electron Transport Chain or ETC)

: not enough oxygen

Lactic Acid Production

: raw material of lactic acid

Oxygen

: respiration through which cells can BREAK DOWN SUGARS TO GENERATE ENERGY in the absence of oxygen

Anaerobic Oxygen

The ribosomes are synthesized in the nucleolus through the — and — (the —2 are the subunits)

ribosomal RNA(rRNA) ribosomal protein

rRNA and ribosomal protein comes from the —

free ribosomes

2. It will go to the — then nuclear membrane which has nuclear pores going to the —

nucleoplasm rough ER

Membrane of ER is

phospholipid bilayer

— does not produce or synthesize protein instead it synthesize lipids, carbohydrates

Smooth ER:

— has ribosomes which synthesize protein, modifies protein

Rough ER:

Afterwards there will be a formation of vesicles specifically a — from the smooth and rough ER

Transport vesicle (single layer)

After forming, the golgi apparatus will fuse with its — and expel its components in the — of the golgi apparatus

cisface lumen

Next is —

folding and further modification

After that it will come out of the — of the Golgi forming — vesicles

transface secretory

Secretory vesicle will bring it to the — for storage or to transport — the cell or some proteins are free proteins which will produce another ribosome/ribosomal protein

vacuole outside

SER After MODIFYING molecules from the ER, it will pinch out through the phospholipid bilayer transforming into — which is the TRANSPORT vesicle, this transport vesicle will then go to the —

phospholipid single layer golgi apparatus

ALERTNESS

ALERTNESS

ENTREPRENEUR

ENTREPRENEUR

ATTENTIVENESS

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ATTENTIVENESS - QUOTES

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PD1

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HEALTH RELATED

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QUIZ

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EGGS

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QUALITY

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QUALITY

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MARKET

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Wave Formation

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BENEVOLANCE

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Quotes

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Quotes

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ZACCHEUS

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ZACCHEUS

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THE GOOD SAMARITAN

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Joseph the Dreamer

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RUTH

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METHODD

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METHODD

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d definition 2

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Properties of Light

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PARTS

PARTS

VEGETABLES

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VEGETABLES

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PREPARING

PREPARING

SIZES

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SIZES

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Image formation

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Mirror Equation

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BOLDNESS

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DANIEL LION'S DEN

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LESSON 13

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LENS

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LENS

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OPTICAL DEVICES

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