This was about the inventions of steam engines and machines that were used in the manufacturing sector in different cities of Europe.

Structure changed from absolute monarchy, which gave privileges to the nobles and religious officials. It was an era of political disturbances which included some changes in the ministries, constitutions and parliaments.

Has given the idea that the colonized people will have their independence from their colonizers in the 19th century.

Gave birth to the idea that an individual’s loyalty has to be to his nation not to the king.

The birth of modernity brought up three revolutions to the world

Became the center of commerce in the East

Before the Spanish occupation, our forefathers had already been trading with the Chinese, the Japanese, the inhabitants of Siam, the Indians, the Cambodians, and the natives of Borneo and Mollucas

This connected the Philippines with Mexico for 250 years.

Was a government monopoly of two trading ships (ship trade): one navigated from Acapulco in Mexico to Manila for 120 days with some 500,000 pesos worth of merchandise and the other sailed from Manila to Acapulco for 90 days with some 250,000 pesos worth of goods.

Established the Royal Philippine Company, that will finance both the agricultural and the new trade that were being made between the Philippines and Spain, and other Asian countries.

Built by Ferdinand de Lesseps, a French man

Suez Canal is build by

The Suez Canal Opening on

Crops cultivated for export

Destitute farmers ended up losing their lands to wealthy hacienderos as a result of pacto de retroventa which is an agreement of land sale that guaranteed the farmer to buy the land back at a value equivalent to when it was sold.

Land-grabbing became another method of land acquisition.

Are leaseholders of friar-owned agricultural lands in the Philippines

to cultivate the land in their stead for shares.

Inquilino

Kasama

somebody or someone, known as

They planned to convert the Chinese and introduce intermarriages with indios that brought the

Spaniards saw this as a potential threat to their colony

This is the forced labor for 40 days of men ranging from 16 to 60 years of age who were obligated to gove personal services to community projects.

Labor was reduced to 15 days

To support the colony, several forms of taxes and monopolies were imposed

is the payment of the 10% of an individual’s annual income to the government.

is the tax being paid as support to the church

is the tax or rent given to the landlord a resident is under.

which is an agreement of land sale that guaranteed the farmer to buy the land back at a value equivalent to when it was sold.

Pure blooded Spaniards born in the Philippines

Pure blooded Spaniards born in the Philippines

Spanish Mestizo-one parent is Spanish, the other is a native

Chinese Mesitizo-one parent is Chinese, the other is native

Wealthy pure-blooded native professedly kadaotan descendant

Pure blooded native of the Philippines

Non-catholic pure blooded Chinese

a terms used to refer to the poor people of the country who we viewed as inferior and treated as second class citizens.

o Fear of God and obedience to the friars were the main lessons taught to students. o Children in the schools were taught to instill in their minds that they were inferior to others and were only capable of doing manual work. o The student’s learning were measured based on how well they read without understanding it.

This was a significant attempt by the Spanish Colonial Goverment to address the lack of formal education among Filipino o It requiered each town in the Philippines to establish one elementary school for boys and one elementary for girls, also paved the way for the establishment of a regular school for the training of teachers to master the Spanish language, under the supervision of the Jesuits. o This decree marked the beginning of formal education in the Philippines.

Spain established a centralized colonial government in the Philippines that was composed of a national government and local governments that administered provinces, cities, towns, and municipalities.

Spain governed the Philippine through the Ministro de Ultramar (Ministry of the Colonies) established in

Ministro de Ultamar

As the King's representative and the highest-ranking official in the Philippines, the governor general saw to it that royal decrees and laws emanating from Spain were implemented in the Philippines.

The highest court in the land during the Spanish era. It served as an advisory body to the Governor-General. Had the power to check and report the abuses of Governor- General.

This was a special judicial court that investigates the performance of a governor general who was about to be replaced. The residencia, of which the incoming governor general was usually a member, submitted a report of its findings to the King

The council of the Indies in Spain sent a government official called VISITADOR GENERAL to observe conditions in the colony.

led by the alcalde mayor, governed the provinces that had been fully subjugated

headed by corregidor, governed the provinces that were not yet entirely under Spanish control.

The larger towns became cities called

It became the center of trade and industry. It has a city council called

Each province was divided into several towns or pueblos headed by the

The Teniente Mayor

The Teniente de Policia

The Teniente de Sementeras

The Teniente de Ganados