USCP_lesson 1

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Claire

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The customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group.

Culture

refers to the rich diversity in social practices that different cultures exhibit around the world.

Cultural Variations

3 Types Cultural Variation

1. Religion 2. Ethnicity 3. Nationality

comes from ‘religare’ a Latin word means ‘to bind together

Religion

is the expression of the set of cultural ideas held by a distinct ethics or indigenous group.

Ethnicity

is the legal relationship that binds a person and a country. It allows the state to protect and have jurisdiction over a person.

Nationality

What are the social differences

1. Gender 2. Socio Economic 3. Exceptionality Refers

is the socially-constructed characteristics of being male or female. It serves as guide on how males and females think and act about themselves.

Gender

are the differences among the individuals on the basis of social characteristics and qualities.

Social Differences

refers to the category of persons who have more or less the same socio-economic privileges: These are Upper class, Middle class, and Lower class.

Socio Economic Status

- to the state of being intellectually gifted and/or having physically or mentally challenged conditions.

exceptionality refers

Variations within cultures

1. Subcultures 2. Countercultures 3. High cultures/ popular cultures

refers to the rich diversity in social practices that different cultures exhibit around the world.

Variations within cultures

the way of life customs and ideas of a particular group of people within a society, which are different from the rest of that society.

Subcultures

a way of life and a set of ideas that are completely different from those accepted by most of society on the group of people who live this way.

countercultures

relates to social inequalities and social class differentiation present in most societies.

High culture/popular cultures

is the modification and alteration of a pattern of behavior, social structure, social organization and social institution. a considerable lasting change in the way a society behaves the norms and values to which the society adheres.

Social Change

Kinds of social changes

Casual Factors Cultural Innovation Technology Human Action

Almost always associated with a group affiliation and describes the ways in which being a member of a particular group might express specific political opinions and attitudes.

Political Identity

Father of American ANTHROPOLOGY

FRANZ BOAS (1858 – 1942)

Derived from the Latin word socius which means “associate or companion” and the Greek word logos which means “the study of”. is the scientific study of society, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and culture Its aim was to discover the social laws that govern the development of societies.

sociology

Who is the FATHER of Sociology

AUGUSTE COMTE (1798 –1857)

Types of Society

1. Hunting and Gathering Communities 2. Horticultural Societies 3. Pastoral Societies 4. Agricultural Societies 5. Industrial Societies 6. Post-industrialist Societies

➤The earliest form of society. ➤The members survive primarily by hunting, trapping, fishing, and gathering edible plants. The majority of the members' time is spent looking for and gathering food.

Hunting and Gathering Communities

12,000-15,000 years ago) The people PLANTED SEED as a means of production for subsistence

Horticultural Societies

12,000-15,000 years ago) The people planted seeds as a means of production for subsistence

Horticultural Societies

➤These societies rely on products obtained through the domestication and breeding of animals for transportation and food. ➤Pastoral societies also allow for job specialization, since not everyone is needed to gather or hunt for food. For example, while some people breed animals, others are able to produce tools or clothing, which allows for specialization in these areas

Pastoral Societies

➤rely on the use of technology in order to cultivate crops in large areas, including wheat, rice, and corn. ➤The technological advances led to an increase in food supplies, an increase in population, and development of trade centers. the

Agriculture societies

➤They use advanced sources of energy to run large machinery which led to industrialization. ➤ Innovations in transportation led people to travel, work in factories, and live in cities.

Industrial Societies

➤Their economy is based on services and technology, not production. ➤The economy is dependent on tangible goods, people must education. pursue greater

Post-industrialist Societies

ELEMENTS OF CULTURE

1. Symbol 2. language 3. technology 4. values 5. beliefs 6. social norms

Refers to things that convey meaning or represent an idea. They are essentials in communication, sharing thoughts and ideas and defining society's culture.

Symbol

Set of symbols that enables members of the society to communicate verbally and non- verbally.

language

practical application of knowledge in converting raw materials into finished products.

technology

Anything held to be relatively worthy, important, valuable.

values

the perception of accepted reality (refers to the existence of things whether material or non-material.

beliefs

these are established expectations of society as to how a person is supposed to act depending on the requirements of the time, place or situation.

social norms

Different forms of Social Norms

1. folkways 2. mores 3. laws

the patterns of repetitive behavior which becomes habitual and conventional part of living. For example, we Filipinos eat with our bear hands

Folkways

the set of ethical standards and moral obligations as dictates of reason distinguishes human acts as right or wrong or good from bad

Norms that legally enacted and enforced

laws

refers to the differences in social behaviors that different cultures exhibit around the world.

cultural variations

- It is a perception that arises from the fact that cultures differ and each culture defines reality differently. - Judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one's own culture.

Ethnocentrism

- The attempt to judge behaviour according to its cultural context - the principle that an individual person's beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual's own culture

Cultural Relativism

Definition of Terms 3

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Definition of Terms 3