Determine the hydraulic the diameter and the hydraulic radius for the open trapezoidal channel whose above and bottom lengths are 7 and 5 units respectively. The depth of the water is 3 units.

Determine the atmospheric pressure at a location where the barometric reading is 740mm hg and the gravitational acceleration is g = 9.81m/s2. Assume the temperature of mercury to be 10°C, at which its density is 13,570 kg/m3.

A bituminous coal has the following composition: C= 71.5% H= 5.0% O= 7.0% N = 1.3% S = 3% Ash = 7.6%W = 3.4% Determinebthe theoretical weight of Nitrogen in lb/lb of coal.

An electron strikes the screen of the cathode ray tube with a velocity of 10 to the 9th power cm/s. Compute its kinetic energy in ERGS. The mass of an electron is 9 x 10-31 kg ?

A creamery must cool 40,000liters of milk received each day from initial temperature of 20 °C to final temperature of 2 °C in 10 hours. If refrigeration losses amount to 30% of the cooling load, what must be the capacity of the refrigerating machine if the specific heat of milk is 0.93 Btu/lb-R and SG = 1.15.

A barometer can be used to measure an airplane's altitude by comparing the barometric pressure at a given flying altitude to that on the ground. Determine an airplane's altitude if the pilot measures the barometric pressure at 700 mm-Hg, the ground reports it at 758 mm-Hg, and the average air density is 1.19 kg/m3. g = 9.8 m/s2.

What is the thermal efficiency of an air standard Brayton cycle if the air enters and leaves the gas turbine at 1000°K and 500°K, respectively?

An adiabatic tank containing air is used to power an air turbine during times of peak power demand. The tank has a volume of 500 m3 and contains air at 1000 kPa and 5000K. The temperature at this instant.

An ice plant produces 15 cm x 5 cm x 100 cm ice block using brine at -12°C. What is the approximate freezing time per block?

An ice plant produces 20 tons of ice per day at - 16°C from water at 25°C. If miscellaneous losses are 12% of the freezing and chilling load. Calculate the refrigerating capacity of the plant in TR.

A 200mm x 250mm, 4-stroke diesel engine has a brake power of 150 kW. The mechanical effeciency is 80%. If two of the cylinders were accidentally cut off, what will be the new friction power?

Hot gases at 280°C flow on one side of a metal plate of 10mm thickness and air at 35°C flows on the other side. The heat transfer coefficient of the gases is 31.5 W/m2-K and that of the air is 32 W/m2K. Calculate the over all transfer coefficient.

Air at 1 MPaa and 310 °C is expanded to 250 kPaa in accordance with the relation pv¹•²⁵ = C. Determine the work done.

Methyl alcohol (Ch,OH) is burned with 25% excess air. How much unbumed oxygen in kg-mol-oxygen/.kg-mol-fuel will there in the products if the combustion is complete?

An aluminum pan whose thermal conductivity is 237 W/m-C has a flat bottom whose diameter is 20 cm and thickness0.4 cm. Heat is transferred to boiling water in the pan through its bottom at a rate of 500 watts. If the inner surface of the bottom of the pan is 105 deg C, determine the temperature of the surface of the bottom of the pan.

A 150 Hp motor is used to drive a compressor. If the heat loss from the compressor is 25 kW and the mass flow rate of the refrigerant entering the compressor is 0.50 kg/s, determine the difference of the enthalpies between the inlet and outlet of the compressor.

Find the work posses for a Helium gas at 20 deg C.

A 350 mm x 450 mm steam engine running at 280 rpm has an entrance steam condition of 2 MPa and 230°C and exit at 0.1 MPa. The steam consumption is 2000 kg/hr and mechanical efficiency is 85%. If indicated mean effective pressure is 600 kPa, determine brake thermal efficiency.At 2 MPa and 230°C (Table 3):h1 = 2849.6 S1 = 6.4423 At 0.1 MPa:S = 1.3026 h = 417.46 Stg = 6.0568hig 2258h2 = 417.46 kJ/kg

An auditorium seating 1500 people is to be maintained at 80°F dry bulb and 65°F wet bulb temperature when outdoor air is at 91°F dry bulb and 75° F wet bulb. Solar heat load is 110,000 Btu/hr and supply air is at 60°F, determine the amount of supply air.

Compute the maximum length of the discharge pipe installed on the outlet of a pressure-relief device in feet for internal pipe diameter of 0.5 inch and rated discharge capacity is 8 Ib/min of air.The rated pressure of relief valve is 16 psig.

A pump in a municipality's water-supply system receives water from the filtration beds and pumps it up to the top of a water tower. The tower's height is 35 m, and the inlet piping to the pump is 2 m below the pump's intake. The water temperature is 20°C, measured at both the inlet and the discharge from the pump. The mass flow rate through the pump is 100 kg/s, the diameter of the inlet piping is 25 cm, and the diameter of the discharge piping is 15 cm. Determine the power required by the pump.

A steam generator burns fuel oil with 25 % excess air. Fuel may be represented by CH. Calculate the actual-air fuel ratio.

Water ( p = 1000 kg/m3, E = 2 x 109 Pa) is flowing at 4 m/s through a long length of 4 -in schedule - 40 steel pipe ( D= 0.102 m, t = 0.0062 m, E = 2 x 1011Pa) when a valve suddenly closes completely. What is the theoretical increase in pressure?

A reverse Carnot cycle requires 3 Hp and extracts energy from Taal lake to heat a house. If the house is kept at 21°C and requires 2100 Btu per minute, what is the temperature of the lake?

A refrigeration system consumed 28,800 kw-hr per month of energy. There are 20% of energy is lost due to cooling system of compressor and motor efficiency is 90%. If COP of the system is 6, find the tons of refrigeration of the system.

The weight of ammonia circulated in a machine is found to be 21.8 Ib/hr. If the vapor enters the compressor with a specific volume of 9.6 ft/lb, calculate the piston displacement, assuming 80% percent volume efficiency.

It is desired to double the COP of a reversed Carnot engine for cooling from 5.0 by raising the temperature of heat addition while keeping the temperature of heat rejection constant. By what percentage must the temperature of heat addition be raised?

A 1.5 kg of wet steam at a pressure of 73 psi (hf = 640 kJ/kg, hfg = 2109 kJ/kg) dryness 0.95 is blown into 18.5 gallons of water of 54°F (h = 50.4 kJ/kg). Find the final enthalpy of the mixture.

In order to predict the behavior of a small oil pump, tests are to be made on a model using air. The oli pump is to be driven by a 1/20-hp motor at 1800 rpm and a 4-hp motor is available to drive the air pump at 600 rpm. Using specific gravity of oil at 0.912 and density of air constant at 0.076 lb/ft, what size model should be built?

A 600 MWe PWR nuclear plant uses 4% enriched Uranium fuel has a thermal efficiency of 36%. The burn up allowed of the fissionable portion of the fuel is 20%. Calculate how many metric tons of natural Uranium is placed in the reactor vessel for one year continuous operation?

A standard 25-mm outside diameter steel tube (with will thickness of 1.65 mm) is carrying 0.34 Ips of oil. Determine the velogity of flow of ail inside the tube.

How many kilograms of water at 0 deg. C can a freezer with a coefficient of performance 5 make into ice cubes at 0 deg. C with a work input of 3.6 MJ (one kilowatt-hour)?

A 6" pump operating at 1770 rpm discharges 1500 rpm discharges 1500 gpm of cold water (S.G. = 1.0) against an 80-foot head at 85% efficiency. A homologous 8" pump is operating at 1170 rpm is being considered as a replacement. what is would be the new horsepower requirement?

A copper rod whose diameter is 20 mm and length 500 mm has one end in boiling water, the other end in a jacket cooled by flowing water which enters at 10°C. The thermal conductivity of the copper is 0.102 kCcal/m-s-°C. If 0.40 kg of water flows through the jacket in 6 min, by how much does the temperature of the water increase?

A typical Industrial fuel oil, C16H2 with 20% excess air by weight. Assuming complete oxidation of the fuel, calculate the actual air-fuel ratio by weight.

Compute the air flow in ft/min of mechanical ventilation required to exhaust an accumulation of refrigerant due to leaks of the system capable of revolving air from the machinery room for a mass of 4 kg refrigerant.

Consider a person standing in a breezy room at 20 deg C. Determine the total rate transfer from this person of the exposed surface area and the average outer surface temperature of the person are 1.6 m2 and 29 deg C,respectively, and the convection heat transfer coefficient is 6 W/m2 with emissivity of 0.95.

If atmospheric air is 14.7 psia and 60°F at sea level, what is the pressure at 12000 ft altitude if air is incompressible. Note: @ 60°F ; the density of air is 0.0763 lbm/ft3 ; P1 = 14.7 psia

A fan is powered by a 0.5 hp motor and delivers air at a rate of 85 m3/min. Determine the highest value for the average velocity of air mobilized by the fan. Take the density of air to be 1.18 kg/m3.

Consider 1 kg of air at 32°C that expanded by a reversible polytropic process with n = 1.25 until the pressure is halved. Determine the heat transfer. Specific heat at constant volume for air is 0.1786 kJ/kg.K.

A simple Rankine cycle produces 40 MW of power, 50 MW of process heated and rejects 50MW of heat to the surroundings. What is the utilization factor of this cogeneration cycle neglecting the pump work?

In a gas turbine unit, air enters the combustion chamber at 550 kpa, 277°C and 43 m/s. The products of combustion leave the combustor at 511 kpa, 1004°C and 180 m/s. Liquid fuel enters with a heating value of 43,000 KJ/kg. For fuel-air ratio of 0.0229, what is the combustor efficiency of the unit in percent?

Steam enters a turbine stage with an enthalpy of 3700 K/kg and a velocity of 80 m/s and leaves with an enthalpy of 2864 KJ/kg with a velocity of 128m/s. If the rate of a steam flow through the turbine if 0.44 kg/s, what is the work done in KW?

How many identical turbines, operating at 139.0 rpm and 91% efficiency (specific speed = 5.4), are needed to exploit a head of 1200 ft and a flow of 1660 ft/s.

Four thousand Ilters per hour of distillates are to be cooled from 21°C to 12°C and 12% of wax by weight is separated out at 15°C. The specific heat of oil is 2 kJ/kg°C and S.G. is 0.87. The specific heat of the wax is 2.5 and the latent heat of fusion is 290 kJ/kg. Allow 10% for the losses, find the capacity of the refrigerating machine.

If the pressure of a confined gas at a constant temperature is tripled, what will happen to the volume?

The following expressions relate to a particular gaseous mass: PV = 95T, h = 120 +0.60T where these units obtain In psf, V in ft/lb, T in °R and h in Btu/lb. If the specific heats are temperature dependent only, find Cp and Cv.

An insulated box containing helium gas falls from a balloon 4.5 km above the earth's surface. Calculate the temperature rise in deg C of the helium when box hits the ground.

A steam condenser receives 10 kg/s of steam with an enthalpy of 2770 kJ/kg. Steam condenses into a liquid and leaves with an enthalpy of 160 kJ/kg. Cooling water passes through the condenser with temperature increases from 13°C to 24°C. Calculate the water flow rate In kg/s.

Three thousand cubic feet per minute of air are circulated over an air-cooled condenser. If the load on the condenser is 64,800 Btu/hr, compute the temperature rise of the air passing over the condenser. Specific volume of standard air (13.34 ft/lb).

A foundation measures 12 ft x 14 ft x 16 ft. Find the number of sacks of cement needed for 1:2:4 mixture.

How long could a 2000 hp motor be operated on the heat energy liberated by 1 mi.3 of ocean water when the temperature of the water is lowered by 1°C and if all these heat were converted to mechanical energy?

A thermoelectric refrigerator that resembles a small ice chest is powered by a car battery, and has a COP of 0.10. If the refrigerator cools a 0.350 L canned drink from 20 deg C to 40 deg C I 30 min, determine the average electric power consumed by the thermoelectric refrigerator.

Determine the specific gravity of carbon dioxide gas (molecular weight = 44) at 150°F (66°C) and 20 psia (138 kPa).

A mixture of 0.4 lbm of helium and 0.2 lbm of oxygen is compressed polytropically from 14.7 psia and 60°F to 60 psia according to n = 1.4. Determine the Polytropic work.

A boy pulls a sled with a mass of 20kg horizontally over a surface with a coefficient of friction of 0.20. It takes him 10 minutes to pull the sled 100 yards. What is his average power output over these 10 minutes?

A hiker carried an Aneroid barometer from the foot of Mount Banahaw to the camp of the NPA leader Ka Roger. On the foot of the mountain, the barometer reads 30.150 inches of Hg, and on the camp, which is nearfy at the mp of the mountain it reads 28.607 inches of Hg. Assume that the average air density (atmospheric) was 0.075 pct, estimate the height of the mountain, in ft.

A reversed Carnot cycle has a refrigerating COP cf 2.5. Determine the ratio Th/Tl?

Calculate the power that can be developed from a hydro electric power plant having ff.data: Catchment's area = 90km2 Average annual rain fall = 120cm Run-off = 85% Available head = 350 m Over all Station efficiency = 75%

What is the velocity of sound In 150°F ( 66°C) air at a standard pressure? Note: density of air @ 150°F Is 0.064 lbm/ft³

Cool water at 9 deg. C enters hot-water heater from which warm water at a room temperature of 80 deg.C is drawn at an average rate of 300 g/min. How much average electric power does the heater consume in order to provide hot water at this rate?

The gain of entropy during isothermal nonflow process of 5 lb of air at 60°F is 0.462 Btu/R. Find the V1/V2

A rigid tank contains 2 kmol of N2 and 6 kmol of Co2 gases at 300 Deg K and 115 Mpa. Find the tank volume using ideal gas equation.

An adiabatic turbine steam generating plant receives steam at a pressure of 7.0 MPa and 550°C (h= 3531 kJ/kg) and exhausts at a condenser pressure of 20kPa (h = 2290 KJ/kg). The turbine inlet is 3 meters higher than the turbine exit, inlet steam velocity is 15m/s and the exit is 300m/s. Calculate the turbine work in kJ/kg.

The average power output of a cylinder in a combustion engine is given by P = PLAN Where p = average pressure on the piston during the stroke L = length of the piston stroke A = area of the piston head N = number strokes per second. An 8-cylinder engine has the following specifications at optimum speed:p = 283 kPa L = 14 cm d = diameter of piston head = 12 cm N = 1500 strokes/min. What is the average power output of this engine?

A room contains air at 20° Celsius and 96 kPa at a relative humidity of 75%. Determine the enthalpy of moist air where: (Psat @ 20° Celsius = 2.339 kPa)(hg @ 20° Celsius = 2538.1 KJ/kgda)

If the average energy in a nuclear reaction is 200 MeV / fission, what is the power output of a reactor if there are 2.34 x 1019 fissions per second?

A small steam turbine generator power plant of 5200 MW capacity has a full load steam rate of 6.0 kg/ KW-hr. No load steam consumption may be taken as 10% of full load steam consumption. At 60% load, calculate the hourly steam consumption of this unit.

A 6" pump operating at 1770 rpm discharges 1500 rpm discharges 1500 gpm of cold water (S.G. = 1.0) against an 80-foot head at 85% efficiency. A homologous 8" pump is operating at 1170 rpm is being considered as a replacement. What capacity of the total head can be expected from the new pump?

Determine the mass of water vapor contained in a 150 m3 room at 100 kPa, 23°C and 40% relative humidity. From Steam Tables: Psat @ 23°C = 2.810 kPa.

What type of turbine delivers 25,000 bhp at 500 rpm under a net head of 5350 ft

A tank contains exactly one kilogram of water consisting of liquid and vapor in equilibrium at 1 MPa. If the liquid contains one-third and the remaining is vapor of the volume of the tank, what is the enthalpy of the contents of the tank? @ 1MPa: υf = 0.0011273 m3/kg υfg = 0.19444 m3/kg hf = 762.81 kJ/kg hfg = 2015.3 kJ/kg

The suction pressure of a pump reads 3 in. of mercury vacuum and discharge pressure reads 140 psi is use to deliver 120 gpm of water with specific volume of 0.0163 ft/lb. Determine the pump work.

The net power output of an air-standard Brayton cycle is 187 kW. Air enters the compressor at 32°C and leaves the high-temperature heat exchanger at 800°C. What is the mass flow rate of air if it leaves the turbine at 350°C.

An automotive engine uses 10.20 L of gas/hr. The density of gasoline is 67 kg/m3. The engine uses 13.20 kg of air per kg of fuel. Air is supplied at 101 kPa, 30°C. Determine the volume rate of air flow in m3/ hr, R of air is 287.08 J/kg°K

What is the power ratio of a pump and its 1/5 scale model if the ratio of heads is 4 to 1?

An Otto cycle operates on 0.1 lb/s of air from 13 psia and 130°F at the beginning of compression. The temperature at the end of combustion is 5000°R; compression ratio is 5.5; hot-air standard, k = 1.3. Find the horsepower of the engine.

A transportation company specializes in the shipment of pressurized gaseous materials. An order is received from 100 liters of a particular gas at STP (32°F and 1 atm). What minimum volume tank is necessary to transport the gas at 80 °F and maximum pressure of 8 atm?

A 650 BHP diesel engine uses fuel oil of 28°API gravity, fuel consumption is 0.65 lb/BHP-hr. Cost of fuel is P 7.95 per liter. For continuous operation, determine the minimum volume of cubical day tank in cm3, ambient temperature is 45°C.

Determine the temperature for which a thermometer with degrees Fahrenheit is numerically twice the reading of the temperature in degrees Celsius

A gas turbine power plant operating on the Brayton cycle delivers 15 MW to a non-prime electric generator. What is the mass flow rate and the volume flow rate of air if the minimum and maximum pressures are 100 kPa and 500 kPa respectively, and temperatures of 20°C and 1000°C.

A 300 mm diameter pipe discharges water at the rate of 200 l/s. Point 1 on the pipe has a pressure of 260 kpa and 3.4 m below point 1 is point 2 with a pressure of 300 kpa. Compute the head loss between points 1 and 2

An ideal gas turbine operates with a pressure ratio of 10 and the energy input in the high temperature heat exchanger is 300 kW. Calculate the air flow rate for a temperature limits of 30°C and 1200°C.

A 3500 KW plant has a utilization factor of 71% and a load factor 39.6%. What is the average load on the plant?

A cold storage plant has an average wall gain load of 11 KW and air change head of 5 KW. The plant is used to cool 18.6 MT of product (c = 3.85 KJ/kg °C) from 30°C to 40°C in 24 hrs. If the plant operates 18hrs.per day, what is the ref. capacity?

A fuel oil has the following contents: 85.5 % carbon, 11.9% hydrogen, 1.6% oxygen, and 1 % impurities. Calculate the percentage CO2 In the flue gas for complete combustion.

A 12 DC electrical motor draws a current of 15 amps. How much work in KJ does this motor produce over a 10-minute period of operation?