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Acute poisoning of zinc includes
fever nausea vomiting diarrhea
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poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is elemental mercurynot considered toxic by its route.
Elemental mercury
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Treatment of gastrointestinal problems like gastritis , peptic ulcer and diarrhea
bismuth subsalicylate
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Bismuth color
shiny black
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Has employed as depilatory agent
barium sulfide (BaS)
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Sodium salts color
orange or yellow
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Barium salts color
yellow green
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Effectively enhancing the sensitivity of the reaction between barium and sulfate ions
barium salt
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Mercury vapor is absorbed through the ———— and may give rise to stomatitis, increased salivation, metallic taste, diarrhea, pneumonitis and renal failure
skin and lungs
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Limited since they are powerful emetics
zinc chloride
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Parenteral treatment of Schistosomiasis(Bilharzhia) and leishmaniasis • Pigments and abrasives • Proofing fabrics
Antimony
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Test for barium
qualitative test
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The ingestion of ——- may cause severe gastric pain, vomiting, blood diarrhea and also renal failure, which is usually the cause of death.
mercuric salt
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are used as insecticide and fungicide • Copper salts often impart a blue or green colour to stomach contents
cuprammonium carbonate
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Inhalation of arsine produces massive
hemolysis and renal failure
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May also occur after chronic treatment with bismuth salts, but is reversible if medication is stopped
neurotoxicity
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Normal serum copper concentration
0.7 to 1.6 mg/L
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Treatment of arsenic
chelating agents
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Is an important feature of severe barium poisoning
hypokalemia
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Copper salts color
olive green
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is used in certain industrial processes and may also be liberated accidentally from other arsenical product
Arsine ( AsH3) gas
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Reagent use for barium
conc. HCl,platinum wire
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Acute poisoning of bismuth
renal damage encephalopathy peripheral neuropathy
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Arsenic color
dull black
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Test for copper
qualitative test
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Qualitative test for As, Bi, SB,Hg
Reinsch test
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Confirmatory test relies on the fact that ——- is relatively soluble in dilute acetic acid
lead sulfate
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Treatment of Mercury
symptomatic,supportive,chelation therapy.
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Treatment of zinc
symptomatic and supportive
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Fatalities of zinc
IV of 7.4g of zinc inhalation of zinc chloride fumes
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Parental administra of antimony causes
cardiotoxicity
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Copper and thallium salts
green
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Antimony color
purple black
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Mercury color
silvery
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Severe acute poisoning concentration
greater than 5mg/L
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Copper salts color
blue or green
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are concentrated in the central nervous system and produce ataxia, chorea and convulsions.are concentrated in the central nervous system and produce ataxia, chorea and convulsions.
organomercurials
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Also used in pharmaceuticals and manufacture of ceramics and glass
arsenic
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Extremely insoluble in water
Barium sulfate
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Chromium salts color
green stain
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Used in making pharmaceutical , rubbers and white pigments
zinc oxide
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Treatment of copper
symptomatic and supportive ,chelation therapy
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Zinc uses
alloy (brass) galvanizing solderingflux dry battery cells dental cement
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are much more toxic than copper salts owing to rapid absorption and the intrinsic toxicity of cuprammonium ion
cuprammonium salt
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methods of determination are reliable for testing exposure
spectrophotometric
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Have a number of industrial uses and are relatively toxic
barium nitrate (BaNO3) barium chloride (BaCl2)
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Industrial uses in pigments and in the production of alloys
bismuth
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Other copper metals
yellow brown or red brown color
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Inhalation of dusts and fumes of antimony causes
industrial poisoning