Determine the general spacing between letters, spacing between words. Width of the Left and right margins, paragraph indentations.

Kinds of disguises

Determine the height of the over-all writing as well as the height of the individual strokes in proportion to each other

The degree of space left between letters

They are characteristics which are the result of the writer's muscular control, coordination, age, health, and nervous temperament, frequency of writing, personality and character

The act of intermittently forcing the pen against the paper surface with increase in writing pressure

It is a signature, signed at a particular time and place, under particular conditions

the size relation between the tall and the short letter is referred as to the G ratio of writing

Any disconnected style of writing in which each letter is written separately, also called handprinting.

the overall character of the ink lines from the beginning to the ending strokes derived from a combination of factors including skill, speed rhythm, freedom of movements, shading and pen position.

for the mail carrier, delivery boy or the autograph collector

Any writing executed normally without any attempt to control or by disguise

the angle or inclination of the axis of the letters relative to the baseline.

executed purely by simulation and memory by writing execution. SIMULATED WITH THE MODEL BEFORE THE FORGER

An act of counterfeiting, falsifying, imitating, and other forms of crafting fake documents resulting to crime against public interest

Side by side comparison; collation as used in the text means the critical comparison on side by side examination

Is any property or mark which distinguishes, and in document examination commonly called to as the identifying details

The degree of space left between lines

Forms that look like arches rounded or curve line above

Are they horizontally aligned, or curving, uphill or downhill

The manner in which the writing pen instrument is mobilized by finger, hand, forearm or whole arm

Any writing executed with the opposite hand that normally used,

The amount of space left between words

found occasionally in his handwriting.

complete correct signature for an important document such as will

These characteristics refer to those habits are part of basic writing system or which are modifications of the system of writing found among so large a group of writes that have only slight identification value.

degree of space left around the writing on all four sides

found in a group of writers who studied the same system of wring

Eliminating extra or superfluous strokes from the copy book model,

characteristic of handwriting that is sufficiently uncommon and well-fixed to serve as a fundamental point in the identification.

CLASSIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS

CLASSES OF FORGED SIGNATURES (CATEGORIES OF FORGERY OF SIGNATURES)

the study of handwriting based on the two fundamental strokes, the curve and the straight strokes.

An indefinite connective form that looks flat and wavy.

An execution of writing being interpreted as slow, moderate, or rapid

the art of determining character disposition and amplitude of a person from the staly of handwriting It also means the scientific study and analysis of handwriting, especially with reference t Forgeries and questioned documents

special to the writer and perhaps found only in one or two persons in a poup of one hundred individuals.

"t" (-) bars. "" dots, loops, circle formation.

These are normal or usual deviations found between repeated specimens of any individual handwriting

usually for routine documerits and personal correspondence

Historically, many who could not write signed with a cros mark or crude X.

A "complete" or "whole" handwriting feature as correctly executed.

are known and admitted writing or specimen which indicate how a preson writes

Are they uniform or not

writings produced by the subject after evidential writings have come into dispute and solely for the purpose of establishing his contentions.

specimen of writing executed while the writer's hand is directed to writing movement. Usually employed by beginners in writing

A writer may deliberately try to alter his usual writing habits in hopes of hiding his identity.

Movement of the baseline along slant up, down, or straight acms the page

creative and individualize combination of printing and cursive writing

-The element of the writing movement which is marked by regular or periodic recurrences of spontaneity.

Writing by all its thousands of peculiarities in combination is the most personal and individuals thing that a man does that leaves a record which can be seen and studies. This is what constitutes individuality in handwriting.

degree of force exerted on the pen compared to the degree of relaxation

May refer to the overall dimension of the writing or the proportions between zones

The rate or velocity in the execution of writing

The result of changes

The result of the pen touching down on the paper and moving across the page, until it is raised from the paper.

selected representative portion of the whole is known as a sample in this test, the tem sample follows closely the statistical usage.

the widening of the ink strokes due to the added pressure on a flexible pen point or to the use of a stub pen.

A distinct or peculiar character along the related to the writing movement itself.

A genuine signature that has been used to prepare an imitated or traced forgery

Does the questioned writing appear awkward, ill-formed slowly drawn

Is the relation of parts of the whole of writing alignment or line of individual letters in words to the baseline.

Analysis by comparison and measurement of handwriting

The degree to which the writing changes from modification of copybook model

disconnected form of script or semi-script writing as the first step in learning to write

Does the questioned writing have smooth, rhythmic and free-flowing appearance"

are signature or other handwritings (or hand printings) written by an upon request for the purpose of comparison with other handwriting or for specimen purposes

Relationship between the pen point and the paper.

The place where the writer grasps the barrel of the pen and the angle at which he holds it.

The writer's chosen writing style

What are common disguise

Specimen of the writing of suspects

The combination of the basic design of letters and the writing movement as taught in school

A connected or rounded form as curve line at the bottom.

Sharp, straight strokes that are made by stopping the pen and changing direction before continuing

The movement of the pen toward the writer.

the average force with which the pen contacts on the surface paper.

POINTS TO CONSIDER IN EXAMINING EXTENDED WRITING (Anonymous, threat, poison letters):

A forged signature

A fraudulent signature that was executed purely by simulation rather than by tracing the outline of a genuine signature.

Physical and Mental state capacity of the writer to enable execute handwriting

found always in his handwriting

are KNOWN (genuine) handwriting of an individual such as signature and endorsements on canceled checks, legal papers letters, commercial, official, public and private document and other handwriting such as letters, memoranda, etc.

EXAMPLES OF COMMON CHARACTERISTICS: