Is the relation of parts of the whole of writing alignment or line of individual letters in words to the baseline.

Sharp, straight strokes that are made by stopping the pen and changing direction before continuing

Forms that look like arches rounded or curve line above

Is any property or mark which distinguishes, and in document examination commonly called to as the identifying details

Side by side comparison; collation as used in the text means the critical comparison on side by side examination

A writer may deliberately try to alter his usual writing habits in hopes of hiding his identity.

The movement of the pen toward the writer.

The writer's chosen writing style

A connected or rounded form as curve line at the bottom.

A "complete" or "whole" handwriting feature as correctly executed.

the study of handwriting based on the two fundamental strokes, the curve and the straight strokes.

Analysis by comparison and measurement of handwriting

the art of determining character disposition and amplitude of a person from the staly of handwriting It also means the scientific study and analysis of handwriting, especially with reference t Forgeries and questioned documents

Any disconnected style of writing in which each letter is written separately, also called handprinting.

The degree of space left between letters

Movement of the baseline along slant up, down, or straight acms the page

the overall character of the ink lines from the beginning to the ending strokes derived from a combination of factors including skill, speed rhythm, freedom of movements, shading and pen position.

The degree of space left between lines

disconnected form of script or semi-script writing as the first step in learning to write

degree of space left around the writing on all four sides

The manner in which the writing pen instrument is mobilized by finger, hand, forearm or whole arm

Any writing executed normally without any attempt to control or by disguise

These are normal or usual deviations found between repeated specimens of any individual handwriting

The act of intermittently forcing the pen against the paper surface with increase in writing pressure

The place where the writer grasps the barrel of the pen and the angle at which he holds it.

Relationship between the pen point and the paper.

the average force with which the pen contacts on the surface paper.

creative and individualize combination of printing and cursive writing

the size relation between the tall and the short letter is referred as to the G ratio of writing

A distinct or peculiar character along the related to the writing movement itself.

-The element of the writing movement which is marked by regular or periodic recurrences of spontaneity.

the widening of the ink strokes due to the added pressure on a flexible pen point or to the use of a stub pen.

characteristic of handwriting that is sufficiently uncommon and well-fixed to serve as a fundamental point in the identification.

Eliminating extra or superfluous strokes from the copy book model,

May refer to the overall dimension of the writing or the proportions between zones

the angle or inclination of the axis of the letters relative to the baseline.

The rate or velocity in the execution of writing

An execution of writing being interpreted as slow, moderate, or rapid

The combination of the basic design of letters and the writing movement as taught in school

degree of force exerted on the pen compared to the degree of relaxation

An indefinite connective form that looks flat and wavy.

The degree to which the writing changes from modification of copybook model

The result of changes

The amount of space left between words

Physical and Mental state capacity of the writer to enable execute handwriting

Any writing executed with the opposite hand that normally used,

The result of the pen touching down on the paper and moving across the page, until it is raised from the paper.

Writing by all its thousands of peculiarities in combination is the most personal and individuals thing that a man does that leaves a record which can be seen and studies. This is what constitutes individuality in handwriting.

These characteristics refer to those habits are part of basic writing system or which are modifications of the system of writing found among so large a group of writes that have only slight identification value.

They are characteristics which are the result of the writer's muscular control, coordination, age, health, and nervous temperament, frequency of writing, personality and character

EXAMPLES OF COMMON CHARACTERISTICS:

found always in his handwriting

found in a group of writers who studied the same system of wring

found occasionally in his handwriting.

special to the writer and perhaps found only in one or two persons in a poup of one hundred individuals.

Does the questioned writing have smooth, rhythmic and free-flowing appearance"

Does the questioned writing appear awkward, ill-formed slowly drawn

Determine the height of the over-all writing as well as the height of the individual strokes in proportion to each other

Are they horizontally aligned, or curving, uphill or downhill

Determine the general spacing between letters, spacing between words. Width of the Left and right margins, paragraph indentations.

Are they uniform or not

"t" (-) bars. "" dots, loops, circle formation.

CLASSIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS

POINTS TO CONSIDER IN EXAMINING EXTENDED WRITING (Anonymous, threat, poison letters):

are known and admitted writing or specimen which indicate how a preson writes

Specimen of the writing of suspects

selected representative portion of the whole is known as a sample in this test, the tem sample follows closely the statistical usage.

are KNOWN (genuine) handwriting of an individual such as signature and endorsements on canceled checks, legal papers letters, commercial, official, public and private document and other handwriting such as letters, memoranda, etc.

are signature or other handwritings (or hand printings) written by an upon request for the purpose of comparison with other handwriting or for specimen purposes

writings produced by the subject after evidential writings have come into dispute and solely for the purpose of establishing his contentions.

What are common disguise

Kinds of disguises

complete correct signature for an important document such as will

usually for routine documerits and personal correspondence

for the mail carrier, delivery boy or the autograph collector

specimen of writing executed while the writer's hand is directed to writing movement. Usually employed by beginners in writing

Historically, many who could not write signed with a cros mark or crude X.

It is a signature, signed at a particular time and place, under particular conditions

A fraudulent signature that was executed purely by simulation rather than by tracing the outline of a genuine signature.

A forged signature

A genuine signature that has been used to prepare an imitated or traced forgery

An act of counterfeiting, falsifying, imitating, and other forms of crafting fake documents resulting to crime against public interest

executed purely by simulation and memory by writing execution. SIMULATED WITH THE MODEL BEFORE THE FORGER

CLASSES OF FORGED SIGNATURES (CATEGORIES OF FORGERY OF SIGNATURES)