問題一覧
1
What is the pronunciation issues
native language transfer, learner motivation, age and aptitude, accent identity
2
Another way of the teacher's goals
present:raise students awareness, practice: engage in controlled practice, production: produce language in a more communicative less controlled manner
3
The way a language sounds as a result of the pattern of stress and unstress syllables in speech
rhythm
4
When to teach pronunciation
•designated class time •as it comes up
5
Inventory of vowel and consonant sounds
segmentals
6
The ed ending is pronounced id when the verb ends in the sounds
t and d
7
Refers to the variety of language which is different from others no just in pronunciation but also in such matters as vocabulary grammar and word order
dialect
8
Is the study of the relationship between the mind and language
cognitive linguistic
9
The art of reducing speech to writing
transcription
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Pronunciation differences only
accent
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The best known system
the international phonetic alphabet
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Syntax
the structure of phrases
13
The construct of meaning
semantics
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The perception of speech sounds
auditory phonetics
15
Prescriptive grammar
is one that gives hard and fast rule about what is right or grammatical and what is wrong or ungrammatical and often with advice about what not to say but with little explanation
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A individual sounds
phoneme
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The phonemic system described for rp contains
phonemes
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A pair of words that differ by only one sound
minimal pairs
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Transmission and physical properties of speech sounds
acoustic phonetics
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A small number of regularly used sounds like towels and consonants are called
phonemes
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Historical linguistics
finding the roots of and connection between languages
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Sound produced with the flow of air from the lungs is not black and the vocal cords are vibrating
vowel
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Covers more than one sound segment and it focuses upon features of stress rhythm intonation and connected speech and there is emphasis on discourse context and the speakers intent
suprasegmental level
24
How many languages are spoken in the world today
between 5,000 and 6,000 languages
25
Grammar
is a mental representation of the rules which govern any given language and this rules do not distinguish between what is right or wrong correct or incorrect but provide a structure a scaffolding upon which to build the grammatical structure
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Sounds made by blocking the air flow coming from the lungs
consonants
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Language acquisition
How one learns her native language as well as foreign languages
28
A consonant combination
consonant clusters
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Give teaching techniques
tongue twisters, song, poems
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The study of human speech sounds
phonetics
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When a regular verb ends in an unvoiced sound ad ending is pronounced
t
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A language is not just words. It's culture a tradition a unification of a community a whole history that creates what a community is. It's all embodied in a language
noam chomsky
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There is no vibration in your throat and you cannot hear the sound but you can hear the manipulation of air
voiceless
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Is the smallest contrastive unit in the sound system of a language
phonemes
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Combination of two vowel sounds put together
diphthong
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Is how speech sounds are organized and affect one another in pronunciation and deals with the system and pattern of sounds which exist within a particular language and looks at the vowels consonants and suprasegmental features of the language like stress and intonation
phonology
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Degree of force or loudness you give to a syllable in a word or two words in a phrase or sentence
stress
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Socio linguistics
focus on language in society language change or language planning and how construct influence language
39
How to make an improvement pronunciation
make them active in participating and provide some feedback that do not interrupt the flow of speech and encourage them to watch the mouth of speakers and listen to native speakers pronunciation patterns
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Morphology
the formulation of words
41
Use the internet the board a sagittal diagram mirrors speakers recordings
teaching aids
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Study of pronunciation of two fields
phonetics and phonology
43
There is vibration in your throat and you can hear the sound
voiced
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International phonetic alphabet has been developing since
z 888
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Initial approach is
to develop muscle memory
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The level like high or low at which we speak and we can change our voice to give a certain message
pitch
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Teach mechanics of articulation is
to teach the students what their lips tang joe faith and air flow are doing in order to produce sound
48
What is the teacher's goal
use explicit instruction in teaching pronunciation and raising awareness of virus sounds and sounds pattern and practice sounds patterns towards the students
49
How sounds function within languages and how they combine to create meaning and how they vary across different languages and dialects
segmental phonology
50
How to address issues within pronunciation
accent exposure, rough tune your speech, encourage students to practice, exploit knowledge and address areas of their difficulty
51
The way the voice goes up and down of her line of speech or the music of speech
intonation
52
Is a natural science which explores natural language
linguistics
53
When a regular verb ends with a voiced sound the ed ending is pronounced
d
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Cues that help listeners to interpret meaning and tension and emotional thought it influence of how information is processed contributing to the overall fluency and naturalness of speech
suprasegmental elements
55
How speech sounds are produced by the human vocal apparatus
articulatory phonetics
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The way we blend words together
connected speech
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Suprasegmental elements
word stress, sentence stress, intonation, tone, rhythm, pausing
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The best known system
international phonetic alphabet
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It is the study of how sounds are strong together
phonology
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The study of phonology of english looks at the
vowels consonants and suprasegmental features of the language like stress or intonation
61
Descriptive grammar
describes the mental rules of a language which govern linguistic behavior that can be observed and it it does not describe what is right or wrong but describe what is
62
They investigate language by observing gathering and analyzing how humans use language in the same way that a scientist uses scientific method to gather and analyze observable data. The study of language is many faceted thuw there are several linguistic sub fields
linguist
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It is the study of sounds
phonetics
64
Noam chomsky formed
linguistic theory that describe language as having a grammar that is largely independent of language use
65
The study of how humans perform language
psycholinguistics