問題一覧
1
Ahura Mazda
the wise lord. the good god
2
Angra Mainyu (aka Ahriman)Angra Mainyu (aka Ahriman)
“The Hostile Spirit”, the enemy of Ahura Mazda and considered by Zoroaster to be the source of all evil.
3
Bridge of the Separator
The Bridge of Judgement in Zoroastrianism. All souls must attempt to cross it upon death, and it widens or narrows depending on the good or bad deeds committed while the person was alive. If the bridge gets too narrow, then the soul falls off and plunges into Hell. If the soul gets across, then it goes to Heaven.
4
Avesta
The sacred scriptures of Zoroastrianism, believed to have been revealed in their entirety to Zoroaster.
5
Gathas
17 hymns believed to have been composed by Zarathusthra (Zoroaster) himself. They are part of the Avesta and are the most sacred texts of the Zoroastrian faith.
6
Navjote
The ritual ceremony through which an individual is inducted into the Zoroastrian religion. The ceremony is traditionally the first time a Zoroastrian wears the special sedreh (undershirt) and kushti (belt), which they then continue to wear for the rest of their life.
7
Kushti
The sacred belt worn by Zoroastrians around their waists. Along with the Sedreh, the Kushti is part of the ritual dress of the Zoroastrians.
8
Yazatas
“Beings worthy of worship” in Zoroastrianism. These heavenly beings are the Zoroastrian equivalent of angels in Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
9
Farashokereti
The Zoroastrian doctrine of a final renovation of the universe, when evil will be destroyed, and everything else will then be in perfect unity with God (Ahura Mazda). The name suggests "making wonderful, excellent".
10
Ahimsa
A doctrine of non-violence towards all living beings.
11
Anekantwad
"No Absolutes." The belief that everything can be seen from different perspectives, and that every perspective is partially true.
12
Asceticism
The process of self-deprivation; denying oneself of food, clothing, cleansing, and pleasure in order to achieve a higher spiritual goal.
13
Atomism
The belief that all aspects of nature, including atoms, possess a soul.
14
Jiva
The soul. Jains believe that both animate (i.e., a human) and inanimate (e.g., a rock) beings have a soul.
15
Karma
The law of cause and effect- for every action, there is a consequence.
16
Mahavira
His name means "Great Hero." He was the last in the line of 24 holy teachers in Jainism, and he lived at the same time as the Buddha.
17
Moksha
The salvation from the cycle of rebirth.
18
Sallekhana
A holy ritual of gradual fasting to the point of death.
19
Samsara
The cycle of birth, death, and rebirth of a soul over many lives until it achieves liberation.
20
What is the Latin origin of the term “reincarnation”?
to take on the flesh
21
What are some of the other terms that it is known by?
rebirth , metempsychosis , transmigration , disambiguation, palingenesis
22
How is reincarnation related to the cells in the body
cells reproduce all the time
23
How is the “rational explanation of reincarnation” related to consciousness?
We always know who we are in the sense of personal continuity or personal “beingness.” Similarly, “I” ‑ our consciousness is unchanging or immortal, and travels through many changing bodies in time
24
What does “samsara” refer to in Hinduism?
the cycle of death and rebirth
25
How does the Hindu sage Adi Shankaracharya describe our ordinary understanding of the world?
world‑as we ordinarily understand it‑is like a dream
26
How do the followers of the Advaita Vedanta philosophy in Hinduism understand liberation?
end of the cycle of rebirth, getting rid of desires and cessation of worldly goods
27
In Jainism, what is the path to becoming a Supreme Soul?
practice non‑violence and be truthful
28
What are the four gatis or birth-categories in Jainism?
Deva (demi‑gods), manus ˙ ya (humans), nāraki (hell beings), and tiryañca (animals, plants, and micro‑organisms
29
What role does God play in individual destiny for Jains?
no role
30
How does Vipassana meditation work?
each moment as an experience of an individual mind‑state such as a thought, a memory, a feeling or a perception that arises, exists, and ceases. mindfulness meditation turn attention inwards (point of focus like breath) try to be as present as possible but very easy to get distracted
31
What does the path of “Bhakti” refer to in Sikhism? (You will have to look this up)
worship and devotion In Sikhism, Bhakti Marg or the path of devotion is emphasized. The goal of human life is to merge with God, which is accomplished by following the teachings of the Guru, by meditation on the holy Name and performance of acts of service and charity
32
In what ways does the belief in reincarnation conflict with the basic teachings of the Monotheistic traditions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam)?
get based off of one life that u lived if many base on what?
33
Nevertheless, where do ideas about reincarnation arise in Islam, Judaism and Christianity?
islam and india have ideas of reincarnation so muslims have to have some in mystical branches not mainstream but it is there
34
What evidence does modern research offer concerning reincarnation?
cryptomnesia or memories of dead people Xenoglossy or speaking a language you've never learned
35
What evidence did Psychiatrist Ian Stevenson uncover?
that there are kids that have memories and matching scars to people that actually died
36
In what ways has this research been criticized?
it is anecdotal they are stories told by children cannot be proven most studies in countries believed in reincarnations
37
How has Satwant Pasricha expanded on Stevenson’s research?
she re-did the the study in north america and places where they did not believe in the reincarnation and the study turned out quite similar