Gen Bio (The Cell)

67問 • 2年前

問題一覧

The levels of biological organization

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, community, eco system, biosphere

In ____, ___________ and son _________ discovered that the two lenses was the secret for better visualization and magnification of objects.

1957, Hans Janssen, Zacharias Janssen

English Father of Microscopy, first to see dead cells

Robert Hooke

first person to see live cells in 1665

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

discovered all plants are composed cells. He was a botanist.

Matthias Schleiden

discovered all animals are also made up of cells. He was a German zoologist.

Theodor Schwann

said that cells came from pre-existing cells.

Rudolf Virchow

3 tenets of cell theory

1. All living organisms are made up of one or more cells. 2. Cells comprise the smallest functional unit of life. 3. Cells come from pre-existing cells.

Most plant and animal cells ranging from __ um to __ um

10 um to 50 um

are smaller and simpler. lacks nucleus and other membrane-bound cells

prokaryotes

Greek word meaning “before”

pro

Greek word meaning “nucleus”

kary

generally larger and have more complex structures

eukaryotes

Greek word meaning “true”

Prokaryotic Cell parts:

flagellum, nucleoid/plasmid, pili, capsule, cell wall

facilitates movement of bacteria

flagellum

circular DNA containing material of bacteria

nucleoid/plasmid

hair-like appendage that functions in adhesion

pili

sticky out layer that provides protection

capsule

confers rigidity and shape to the cell

cell wall

Label the parts

1. Nucleoid 2. Capsule 3. Cell wall 4. Plasma membrane 5. Flagellum 6. Plasmid 7. Ribosome 8. Pili

Examples of eukaryotes

plant, animal, fungi, protist

Parts of eukaryotic cell

nucleus, mitochondria, rough/smooth endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, cytoskeleton, plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm

cell’s control center. DNA is housed in the _____.

nucleus

site of cellular respiration in which fuel molecules are broken down into carbon dioxide and water with release of energy (ATP).

mitochondria

extensive network of parallel membranes that extends throughout the cell’s interior. manufacturing center of the cell

endoplasmic reticulum

site of protein synthesis. has ribosomes attached to it.

rough endoplasmic reticulum

site of lipid synthesis

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

collects and processes materials that are to be exported from the cell. the cell’s collecting and packaging center.

golgi apparatus

component of plant cell important for structure and cell movement

cytoskeleton

2 fibers of cytoskeleton

microtubules, microfilaments

involved in the addition of cellulose to the cell wall

microtubules

responsible for cytoplasmic streaming or movement of cytoplasm

microfilaments

the physical boundary that regulates the flow of materials into and out of the cell.

plasma membrane

the 2 that proposed the widely accepted model of the plasma membrane

Jonathan Singer, Garth Nicolson

Cell membrane is a ____ ______ describing protiens are globular identities, floating in and on it.

lipid bilayer

model that portrayed proteins are embedded within the bilayer (fluid-mosaic)

Singer-Nicolson Model (1972)

model that portrayed the proteins form distinct layers (sandwich)

Davson-Danielli Model (1935)

sites where proteins are made

ribosomes

ground substance and the biggest part of the where organelles and cellular inclusions are found

cytoplasm

unique parts of plant cell:

plastids (chloroplast), cell wall, large central vacuole

the organelle occuring in photosynthetic activity. contain the enzyme necessary for photosynthesis plus the green pigment chlorophyll

chloroplast

another type of plastid containing pigment that provides yellow, orange, and red colors

chromoplast

contains a variety of materials: water, dissolved salts, ions, pigments, and waste product. the storage part of the cell

vacuole

the coating material of plant cell surrounding the plasma membrane. for support and protection of plant cell. composed largely of cellulose

cell wall

tiny channels through adjacentcell walls that connect cytoplasm of neighboring cells for communication

plasmodesmata

unique parts of animal cells:

lysosome, centriole

contains around 40 kinds of enzymes that help digest food, disease-causing bacteria engulfed by white blood cells, worn-out and broken parts of the cell

lysosome

enables the formation of spindle fibers during cell division

centriole

passage of materials across biological membranes

membrane transport

Cellular transport mechanisms:

passive transport, active transport, bulk transport

3 types of passive transport

diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

does not require energy

passive transport

movement from more concentrated area to less concentrated area. is responsible for movement of materials throughout the cytoplasm and into and out of the cells. movement of substances along a concentrated gradient

diffusion

movement of water through a selectively permeable membran from a solution with a lower concentration to a solution with a higher concentration. special kind of diffusion

osmosis

3 types of osmosis:

isotonic solution, hypertonic solution, hypotonic solution

when a cell is placed in a solution with a solute concentration equal to that inside the cell

isotonic solution

when a cell is placed in a solution with a solute concentration that is higher than that within the cell

hypertonic solution

when a cell is placed in a solution with a solute concentration lower than that within the cell

hypotonic solution

materials diffuse from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration through a special passageways in the membrane

facilitated diffusion

movement is from a lower concentrated area to a higher concentrated area. movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

active transport

2 types of bulk transport

exocytosis, endocytosis

brings material out of the cell. as a secretory vessicle aproaches the plasma membrane, it fuses with it and releases its contents to the exterior

exocytosis

bring material into the cell

endocytosis

2 types of endocytosis:

phagocytosis, pinocytosis

cell eating

phagocytosis

cell drinking

pinocytosis

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23問 • 2年前

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Gen Bio (Cellular Transport)

HERNANDEZ, Gertrude Ashley C. · 18問 · 2年前

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18問 • 2年前

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問題一覧

The levels of biological organization

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, community, eco system, biosphere

In ____, ___________ and son _________ discovered that the two lenses was the secret for better visualization and magnification of objects.

1957, Hans Janssen, Zacharias Janssen

English Father of Microscopy, first to see dead cells

Robert Hooke

first person to see live cells in 1665

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

discovered all plants are composed cells. He was a botanist.

Matthias Schleiden

discovered all animals are also made up of cells. He was a German zoologist.

Theodor Schwann

said that cells came from pre-existing cells.

Rudolf Virchow

3 tenets of cell theory

1. All living organisms are made up of one or more cells. 2. Cells comprise the smallest functional unit of life. 3. Cells come from pre-existing cells.

Most plant and animal cells ranging from __ um to __ um

10 um to 50 um

are smaller and simpler. lacks nucleus and other membrane-bound cells

prokaryotes

Greek word meaning “before”

pro

Greek word meaning “nucleus”

kary

generally larger and have more complex structures

eukaryotes

Greek word meaning “true”

Prokaryotic Cell parts:

flagellum, nucleoid/plasmid, pili, capsule, cell wall

facilitates movement of bacteria

flagellum

circular DNA containing material of bacteria

nucleoid/plasmid

hair-like appendage that functions in adhesion

pili

sticky out layer that provides protection

capsule

confers rigidity and shape to the cell

cell wall

Label the parts

1. Nucleoid 2. Capsule 3. Cell wall 4. Plasma membrane 5. Flagellum 6. Plasmid 7. Ribosome 8. Pili

Examples of eukaryotes

plant, animal, fungi, protist

Parts of eukaryotic cell

nucleus, mitochondria, rough/smooth endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, cytoskeleton, plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm

cell’s control center. DNA is housed in the _____.

nucleus

site of cellular respiration in which fuel molecules are broken down into carbon dioxide and water with release of energy (ATP).

mitochondria

extensive network of parallel membranes that extends throughout the cell’s interior. manufacturing center of the cell

endoplasmic reticulum

site of protein synthesis. has ribosomes attached to it.

rough endoplasmic reticulum

site of lipid synthesis

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

collects and processes materials that are to be exported from the cell. the cell’s collecting and packaging center.

golgi apparatus

component of plant cell important for structure and cell movement

cytoskeleton

2 fibers of cytoskeleton

microtubules, microfilaments

involved in the addition of cellulose to the cell wall

microtubules

responsible for cytoplasmic streaming or movement of cytoplasm

microfilaments

the physical boundary that regulates the flow of materials into and out of the cell.

plasma membrane

the 2 that proposed the widely accepted model of the plasma membrane

Jonathan Singer, Garth Nicolson

Cell membrane is a ____ ______ describing protiens are globular identities, floating in and on it.

lipid bilayer

model that portrayed proteins are embedded within the bilayer (fluid-mosaic)

Singer-Nicolson Model (1972)

model that portrayed the proteins form distinct layers (sandwich)

Davson-Danielli Model (1935)

sites where proteins are made

ribosomes

ground substance and the biggest part of the where organelles and cellular inclusions are found

cytoplasm

unique parts of plant cell:

plastids (chloroplast), cell wall, large central vacuole

the organelle occuring in photosynthetic activity. contain the enzyme necessary for photosynthesis plus the green pigment chlorophyll

chloroplast

another type of plastid containing pigment that provides yellow, orange, and red colors

chromoplast

contains a variety of materials: water, dissolved salts, ions, pigments, and waste product. the storage part of the cell

vacuole

the coating material of plant cell surrounding the plasma membrane. for support and protection of plant cell. composed largely of cellulose

cell wall

tiny channels through adjacentcell walls that connect cytoplasm of neighboring cells for communication

plasmodesmata

unique parts of animal cells:

lysosome, centriole

contains around 40 kinds of enzymes that help digest food, disease-causing bacteria engulfed by white blood cells, worn-out and broken parts of the cell

lysosome

enables the formation of spindle fibers during cell division

centriole

passage of materials across biological membranes

membrane transport

Cellular transport mechanisms:

passive transport, active transport, bulk transport

3 types of passive transport

diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

does not require energy

passive transport

diffusion

movement of water through a selectively permeable membran from a solution with a lower concentration to a solution with a higher concentration. special kind of diffusion

osmosis

3 types of osmosis:

isotonic solution, hypertonic solution, hypotonic solution

when a cell is placed in a solution with a solute concentration equal to that inside the cell

isotonic solution

when a cell is placed in a solution with a solute concentration that is higher than that within the cell

hypertonic solution

when a cell is placed in a solution with a solute concentration lower than that within the cell

hypotonic solution

materials diffuse from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration through a special passageways in the membrane

facilitated diffusion

movement is from a lower concentrated area to a higher concentrated area. movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

active transport

2 types of bulk transport

exocytosis, endocytosis

brings material out of the cell. as a secretory vessicle aproaches the plasma membrane, it fuses with it and releases its contents to the exterior

exocytosis

bring material into the cell

endocytosis

2 types of endocytosis:

phagocytosis, pinocytosis

cell eating

phagocytosis

cell drinking

pinocytosis