biology 1

cryptogammae and phanerogamme

plants which they do not have flowers or seeds

plants which has flowers and seeds are called phanerogammae

thallophyta, brayophyta, pteridophyta

largest group in plant kindom

algea and lichen

they are autotropic contain chlorophyll study of algae are called phycology

mycology

red algea

copper

its is the first group of land plants no xylem, phloem, true roots, stem and leaves its is the amphibian catagory of plant kingdom example :- mosses

bryophyta

ferns, azolla, marsilea

spores

it has separate leaves stem and root

gymnosperms angiosperms

naked seeds

coated seeds

monocotyledons dicotyledon

fibres root

tap roots

parallel venation reticulate venation

monocotyledons

reticulate venation

morphology

radicle

plumule

tap root fibrous root adventitous root

stems are developed from plumule they are phototropic

tuber - potato bulb - onion, garlic corm colocasia rhizome - turmeric ginger

leaves

flower

ath arrangement of flowers in a floral axis

inflorescence

androecium

gynoecium

anther + filament is called

stamen

anther

pneumatophores

carpel

combination of stigma style ovary is called

transfer of pollen grains from stigma to overy is called pollination

self pollination cross pollination

pollination, fertilization, seed dispersal

anemophiy

hydrophily

entomophily

ornithophily

chiropterophily

zoophily

malacophily

myrmecophily

fruit

seed

endosperm

asexual reproduction

vegetative propagation / vegetative reproduction

bryophyllum

parthenocarpy

virgin fruit

seed less

auxins cytokinins gibberellins

ethylene abscissic acid

charles darwin

auxin

concentration high at top and low at bottom

IAA ( indole 3 acetic acid ) IBA ( indole butyric acid )

auxin

helps in rapid cell division.. cytokinins helps to increase mitosis activity

gibberlin

seed dormancy

ethylene

ethylene

enthylene

calcium carbide

traumatin

florigens

meristematic, permanent

apical, intercalary, lateral,

it is found in tip of the plant. the purpose is used to increae length of the plant

it is found in the sides of the plant. to increase width of the plant

it help to the stem enlongation in plants

simple and complex

parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma

xylem and pholem

this tissue is used to build soft part in plant. help in photosynthesis and food storage

collenchyma

sclerenchyma

sclerenchyma

lignin

cellulose and pectin

it is a vessel that conduct water and mineral from root to stem and leaves

conduct food prepared by leaves to different parts of the plant

stomata

under the leaf

process of escape of water from leaf to the atmosphere in the form of water vapour through stomata

capillarity

transpiration