記憶度
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問題一覧
1
Animal cell
10-30 micrometers in length, Typically round or irregular in shape
2
Plant cell
10-100 micrometers in length, Typically rectangular or cubic in shape
3
Plant Cells
Have chloroplasts, Have vacuoles , Can absorb liquids, Creates food by Photosynthesis, Has cell wall made of cellulose
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Animal Cells
Have no cell walls, Eats other cells, Cannot absorb much liquid because it has no cellulose, Can form a variety of shapes, Have lysosomes
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Both have...
Nucleus, Eukaryotic, Size
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Shoot system
Flower, Leaf, Fruit
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Root system
Stem, Root
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Flower
Helps in reproduction
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Leaf
Performs photosynthesis
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Fruit
Protects the seeds
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Stem
Supports the plant
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Root
Absorbs water and minerals
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Taproot
What type of root is this?
14
Adventitious
What type of root is this?
15
Fibrous
What type of root is this?
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Foliar
What type of root is this?
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True Adventitious
What type of root is this?
18
Parts of the leaf
Leaf base
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Parts of the leaf
Axil
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Parts of the leaf
Stem
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Parts of the leaf
Petiole
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Parts of the leaf
Leaf blade
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Parts of the leaf
Vein
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Parts of the leaf
Tip
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Parts of the leaf
Margin
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Parts of the leaf
Midrib
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Vascular System Of Plants
Network of specialized tissues responsible for the transport of water, minerals, and sugars throughout the plant.
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Xylem And Phloem
two main types of vascular tissue in plants
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Transports water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant. It consists of tracheids and vessel elements, which are long, tubular cells that form continuous pipelines.
Xylem
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Transports sugars produced during photosynthesis to all parts of the plant. It consists of sieve tubes and companion cells. Sieve tubes are elongated cells with porous sieve plates, allowing the flow of sugars. Companion cells provide metabolic support to sieve tubes.
Phloem
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Water transport, creates continuous pipeline to move water and mineral nutrients from the roots through the stems and into the leaves.
Xylem
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Mechanical support, Rigid structure that helps support the plant, especially in woody plants.
Xylem
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Storage, stores certain compounds, such as resins and tannins.
Xylem
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Sugar transport, transports sugars, primarily sucrose, from the leaves to the rest of the plant, including roots and developing fruits or seeds.
Phloem
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Nutrient transport, transports amino acids, hormones, and other organic compounds necessary for growth and development.
Phloem
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Communication, plays a role in long-distance signaling within a plant, allowing for coordination between different parts.
Phloem
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Netlike
Veins
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Parallel
Veins
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Compound
Arrangement
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Simple
Arrangement
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Smooth Toothed Lobed
Edges
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Alternate Opposite Whorled
Arrangement on the stem
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Hand shaped
Shapes
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Heart Shaped
Shapes
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Spear Shaped
Shapes
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Needle Round
Shapes
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points of 1 or more leaf attachment
Nodes
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segments between nodes
Internodes
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Tip of stem has terminal...
Bud
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contains apical meristem covered by bud scales that leave scars when bud opens
Bud
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All living organism
•respond to their environment •grow and change •reproduce and have offspring •have complex chemistry •maintain homeostasis •are built of structures called cells •pass their traits onto their offspring
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Reproduction
Ability to make the next generation, and it is one of the basic characteristics of life.
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Do Animals Always Have Two Parents?
No
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The process of forming a new individual from a single parent.
Asexual reproduction
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The process of forming a new individual from two parents.
Sexual reproduction
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Regeneration
Involves the reproduction and differentiation of new tissues to replace missing and damaged parts of the body.
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Regeneration
It involves cellular replication through mitosis followed by differentiation of tissues
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•Involves forming new individual from an outgrowth on the parent's body. • It produces bud that branch off and breaks off from the parent.
Budding
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Happens when an unfertilized egg cell grows into a new organism. The resulting organism has half the amount of genetic material of the parent.
Parthenogenesis
60
Examples: hydras, flatworms, annelids, and echinoderms.
Regeneration
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Examples: hydras, polyps.
Budding
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Examples: aphids, bees, wasps, ants.
Parthenogenesis
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Dioecious
During sexual reproduction, two parents are involved. Most animals are _______, meaning there is a separate male and female sex, with the male producing sperm and the female producing eggs.
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Fertilization
When a sperm and egg meet during ______, a zygote, the first cell of a new organism, is formed. This process combines the genetic material from both parents.
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Mitosis
The resulting organism will be genetically unique. The zygote will divide by ______ and grow into the embryo.
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Organs that produce eggs or sperms.
Gonads
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male gonads
Testes
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female gonads
Ovaries
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two sex cells (eggs or sperm)
Gametes
70
gametes have half the amount of the genetic material of a regular body cell
Haploid Cells
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special type of cell division to produce gametes
Meiosis
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the gametes are structurally similar
Isogamy
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the gametes are structurally different
Anisogamy
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can produce both sperm and eggs, they usually do not self fertilize.
Hermaphrodite
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Protandry (M To F) And Protogyny (F To M)
External Fertilization And Internal Fertelization
76
Why do you need to eat?
To feed the cell
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Animals
______ have a complex nervous system. It receives and interprets the signals from the surroundings, and sends the messages to the brain.
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head or tail
The structure of the nervous system depends upon the body plan of an organism e.g. animals that do not have a defined _________, they have web-like arrangements of nerve cells throughout the body.
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heterotrophs
In the course of evolution, animals have formed ways to obtain, process, and digest food as _____. Some were able to establish symbiosis with other organisms to perform this function.
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Tarsier And Pilandok
•They have a bacteria in their gut to produced enzymes that aid in digestion.
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Brain and spinal cord
Central Nervous System
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Heart muscle, smooth muscle, glands
Autonomic Nervous System
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Cranial nerves and spinal nerves
Peripheral Nervous System
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Voluntary skeletal muscles
Somatic Nervous System
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"Rest and digest"
Parasympathetic Division
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"Active and alert"
Sympathetic Division
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•They have a bacteria in their gut to produced enzymes that aid in digestion.
Tarsier And Pilandok
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•this involves an intercellular digestion through fusion of food vacuole and lysosome.
Phagocytosis
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peristalsis from the muscular gut allows the food to move independently due to locomotion.
Coelom development
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exocytosis and endocytosis
Phagocytosis
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cold-blooded animal with no backbone. Invertebrates can live on land-like insects, spiders, and worms etc.
Invertebrates
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animals that possess a vertebral column and/or notochord at any point in their lives.
Vertebrates
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It comprises of the brain and neurons. It is located in the head and continues along the back.
System
94
It includes all the nerves continuing from the central nervous system to the entire body.
Peripheral Nervous System
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It consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves.
Autonomous Nervous System
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nutrients, oxygen, and other essential substances
THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM • It is responsible for distributing _________ to all parts of the body.
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excretory organs
THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM • It also removes carbon dioxide and other waste materials from the different parts of the body through _______________
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carry blood away from the heart. It delivers oxygen- rich blood to the cells of the body.
Arteries
99
the smallest blood vessels connected to arterioles and venules which allows exchange of materials from blood to body parts.
Capillaries