It is a cognitive process by which we communicate our thoughts and feelings to others.

These encompass more than reading because we talk, we listen, we read, and we write with words.

These, then, include reading, writing, listening, and speaking. (Four Basic Language Skills)

These are a set of four capabilities that allow an individual to comprehend and produce spoken language for proper and effective interpersonal communication.

In this context, the four skills are most often acquired in the order of listening first, then speaking, then possibly reading and writing. For this reason, these skills are often called LSRW skills.

It has 4 main skills, and each skill has other sub-skills and skill activities. In addition, those skills are all basic and very important; thus, they are called Macro Skills.

These refer to the primary, key, main, and largest skill sets relative to a particular context. These skills are all basic and very important.

The two types of Macro Skills.

The skills under Receptive Macro Skills

It involves the ability to understand spoken language. This includes grasping the meaning, tone, nuances, and context of spoken words.

It is the skill of understanding written language. It involves comprehending the meaning of written words, sentences, and passages.

These refer to the ability to produce and communicate language effectively. These skills focus on the output or information that an individual generates.

The two skills under Expressive Macroskills.

It is the skill of producing spoken language. This involves using appropriate vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, and intonation to convey ideas, opinions, and information to others.

It is the skill of producing written language. This includes creating coherent and well-structured sentences, paragraphs, and texts.

The sub-skills and skill activities of each Macro Skill.

They exemplified the micro-skills of listening

The Micro Skills of Listening

This involves the ability to distinguish between different sounds in speech, such as phonemes (individual sounds in a language), intonations, and stress patterns.

It’s a foundational skill in listening that helps listeners understand spoken language by recognizing the differences in sound that can change meaning (e.g., the difference between “bat” and “pat”).

This involves the ability to identify and understand words in spoken language. This skill is essential for understanding the content of what is being said, especially in real-time conversations.

This involves identifying the most important words in a spoken message that carry the main meaning. This skill is especially useful in listening to lectures, speeches, or instructions.

This skill involves the ability to understand and interpret the grammatical rules and patterns used in spoken language.

This helps listeners understand the relationships between words in a sentence, such as subject-verb agreement, tense, and word order.

Determined the micro skills of Reading

The micro skills of reading

It refers to the ability to understand the overall meaning or gist of a text. It involves grasping the main idea, themes, and general concepts presented in the text, rather than focusing on specific details. It is essential for getting a broad understanding of a text before diving into more detailed analysis.

These are two different techniques used to quickly gather information from a text.

is the process of rapidly moving through a text to get a general sense of its content. Readers do it to find the main ideas or to preview a text before reading it more carefully. It’s useful when you need to understand the overall context without paying attention to every word.

It involves quickly searching through a text to find specific information, such as a name, date, or keyword. Readers don’t read every word but instead look for clues like bold text, or keywords that stand out. This technique is often used when you already know what specific information you’re looking for.

It is like glancing at a menu to see what kind of food a restaurant offers without reading every dish’s description.

It is like looking at that same menu to find a specific item, like a “Vegetarian Burger,” without paying attention to anything else.

Determined the Micro Skills of Writing

Micro Skills of Writing

This involves using marks like periods, commas, question marks, and exclamation points correctly in writing. This skill is essential for clarity, as punctuation helps to organize sentences and convey the intended meaning. Correctness usage of such ensures that the reader understands the writer's message without confusion.

In writing, it refers to the process of organizing ideas before starting to write. It includes brainstorming, outlining, and structuring the content to ensure a logical flow of ideas. Good execution of such helps writers stay focused on the topic and ensures that all necessary points are covered systematically.

It refers to the ability to write legible and correctly shaped letters, which is particularly important in handwriting. This micro-skill is fundamental for clear communication, as well-formed letters ensure that the text is easily readable by others.

It is the skill of organizing sentences into paragraphs that group related ideas together. Each paragraph typically starts with a topic sentence, followed by supporting details, and concludes with a summary or transition to the next idea. Effective execution of such helps to structure writing, making it easier for readers to follow the progression of thoughts.

It involves organizing the text according to the conventions of the genre or document type. For example, a formal letter, essay, or report each has its specific layout guidelines, such as where to place headings, how to format bullet points, or how to structure sections. Proper usage of such enhances readability and professionalism.

It is the final step in the writing process where the writer reviews the text to correct errors in grammar, spelling, punctuation, and formatting. This micro-skill is crucial for ensuring that the writing is polished and free of mistakes, which can otherwise distract the reader or undermine the writer's credibility.

Identified the macro skills of speaking

Micro skills of speaking

speaking with a logical flow without planning or rehearsing.

with Words & Pronunciation, using words, structures, and pronunciation accurately.

using language appropriate for a situation and making decisions about formality and choice of grammar or vocabulary.

managing a conversation by making responses, asking for a response, or introducing a new topic or idea.

repeating or rephrasing parts of a conversation when they suspect that what was said was not understood.

the outline of concepts to be taught to students to help them meet the content standards. It is what is taught in a given course or subject. In addition, refers to an interactive system of instruction and learning with specific goals, contents, strategies, measurement, and resources.

refers to perceiving, examining, interpreting, and constructing meaning from visual images and is crucial to improving comprehension of print and non-print materials.

It is a process of communication without using words or sounds. It uses gestures, body language, facial expressions, eye contact, and other cues to convey a message. Like verbal communication, this method of communicating is rarely used alone. Non-verbal communication could be considered like a spice we use when communicating to add a little flavor.

It is the medium through which the message of the sender is conveyed with the help of written words. Letters, personal journals, e-mails, reports, articles, and memos are some forms of written communication. Unlike some other forms of communication, written messages can be edited and rectified before they are sent to the receiver, thereby making written communication an indispensa

This form of communication involves the visual display of information, wherein the message is understood or expressed with the help of visual aids. For example, topography, photography, signs, symbols, maps, colors, posters, banners and designs help the viewer understand the message visually. Movies and plays, television shows and video clips are all electronic form of visual communication.

also involves the transfer of information in the form of text, which is received through an electronic medium such as a computer, phone, etc. Icons and emoticons are a form of visual communication. When these icons are used in a public place, phone or computer, they instruct the user about their meaning and usage. One of the greatest examples of visual communication is the internet, which communicates with the masses using a combination of text, design, links, images, and color. All of these visual features require us to view the screen in order to understand the message being conveyed. Media communication is developing at a meteoric rate in order to ensure clarity and to eliminate any ambiguity.

also involves the transfer of information in the form of text, which is received through an electronic medium such as a computer, phone, etc. Icons and emoticons are a form of visual communication. When these icons are used in a public place, phone or computer, they instruct the user about their meaning and usage. One of the greatest examples of visual communication is the internet, which communicates with the masses using a combination of text, design, links, images, and color. All of these visual features require us to view the screen in order to understand the message being conveyed. Media communication is developing at a meteoric rate in order to ensure clarity and to eliminate any ambiguity.