One chromosome breaks off and becomes attached to a different chromosome: * 1/1 Addition Deletion Inversion Translocation

The most versatile type of stem cell, can develop into any human cell type, including development from embryo into fetus: * 1/1 Multipotential stem cell Pluripotential stem cell Totipotential stem cell

The promyelocyte stage lasts about: * 0/1 4 hours 12 hours 15 hours 24 hours 4.3 days

The tourniquet should be applied __________ inches above the venipuncture site. * 1/1 1 to 2 inches above the venipuncture site 3 to 4 inches above the venipuncture site 5 to 6 inches above the venipuncture site 8 to 9 inches above the venipuncture site

Anticoagulants that remove calcium needed for clotting by forming insoluble calcium salts: RODAK * 1/1 EDTA EDTA and heparin EDTA and citrate EDTA, citrate and oxalate EDTA, citrate, oxalate and heparin

Number of inversions of light blue top evacuated tube: * 1/1 None 3 to 4 5 to 6 8

Test orders: 1. Conduct continuous utilization reviews to ensure that physician laboratory orders are comprehensive and appropriate to patient condition; 2. Inform physician about laboratory test availability and ways to avoid unnecessary orders; 3. Reduce unnecessary repeat testing. * 1/1 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 1, 2 and 3

Each new assay or assay modification must be validated for: 1. Accuracy, Precision; 2. Linearity; 3. Specificity; 4. Lower limit of detection ability * 0/1 1 and 3 2 and 4 1, 2 and 3 1, 2, 3 and 4

Adjuvant for infectious disease therapy: * 0/1 Interleukin 2 Interleukin 3 Interleukin 6 Interleukin 12

Major elements of the flow cytometer: 1. Optics; 2. Fluidics; 3. Computer; 4. Electronics * 1/1 1 and 2 3 and 4 1, 2 and 3 1, 2, 3 and 4

Total area of the Levy chamber with improved Neubauer ruling: * 1/1 1 mm2 3 mm2 4 mm2 9 mm2

For the manual WBC count: After the chamber is filled, allow the cells to settle for___ minutes before counting. * 1/1 3 minutes 5 minutes 10 minutes 15 minutes

Typical dilution for the manual platelet count: * 1/1 1:10 1:20 1:100 1:200

If fewer than 50 platelets are counted on each side, the procedure should be repeated by diluting the blood to: * 0/1 1:10 1:20 1:100 1:200

In the cyanmethemoglobin method, full conversion of hemoglobin to cyanmethemoglobin: * 0/1 3 minutes 5 minutes 10 minutes 15 minutes

WBC count that can interfere with the cyanmethemoglobin method: * 0/1 Greater than 4 x 10 9/L Greater than 7 x 10 9/L Greater than 11 x 10 9 /L Greater than 20 x 10 9/L

Effect of dehydration to hematocrit reading: * 1/1 Decreased Increased Variable No effect

An MCHC between 36 and 38 g/dL should be checked for: * 1/1 Codocytes Drepanocytes Elliptocytes Spherocytes

In the manual reticulocyte count, what is the ratio of blood and new methylene blue stain? * 1/1 1:1 1:2 1:3 1:4

To improve accuracy of the reticulocyte count, have another laboratorian count the other film; counts should agree within: * 1/1 Within 1% Within 5% Within 10% Within 20%

The ESR of patients with severe anemia is: * 0/1 Critical Of diagnostic significance Of little diagnostic value

ESR and RBC mass: * 1/1 Directly proportional Inversely proportional Cannot be determined

ESR of patient with leukemia: * 0/1 Decreased Increased Variable

ESR of patient with leukocytosis: * 0/1 Decreased Increased Variable

An early indication of engraftment success after hematopoietic stem cell transplant. 1. RBC count; 2. Immature reticulocyte fraction; 3. Immature platelet fraction * 0/1 2 only 1 and 2 2 and 3 1, 2 and 3

Conditions associated with DIC: Examples of conditions associated with ENDOTOXINS THAT ACTIVATE CYTOKINES * 0/1 Acute promyelocytic or myelomonocytic leukemia Bacterial, protozoal, fungal and viral infections Coronary artery bypass surgery Hypovolemic and hemorrhagic shock

Fibrinogen concentration in primary fibrinolysis: * 0/1 Decreased Increased Variable

Fibrinogen concentration in secondary fibrinolysis: * 1/1 Decreased Increased Variable

Bone marrow reticulocytes have an average maturation of: * 0/1 1 day 1.5 days 2 days 2.5 days

Once young reticulocytes enter the circulating blood, they remain in the reticulocyte stage for an average of: * 0/1 1 day 1.5 days 2 days 2.5 days

Basophils have an average circulation time of about: * 0/1 7 to 10 hours 8.5 hours 12 hours 2.5 days

All identifiable patient information, whether written, computerized, visually, or audio recorded, or simply held in the memory of healthcare professionals, is subject to the duty of confidentiality, EXCEPT: * 1/1 Any clinical information about an individual’s diagnosis or treatment A picture, photograph, video, audiotape, or other images of the patient The patient's favorite restaurant and food Who the patient’s doctor is and what clinics patients attend and when

It is used by medical laboratories in developing their quality management systems and assessing their own competence and for use by accreditation bodies in confirming or recognizing the competence of medical laboratories: * 1/1 ISO 11166 ISO 11469 ISO 15189 ISO 15819

All of the following are examples of pre-analytical errors, EXCEPT: * 1/1 Specimen obtained from the wrong patient Specimen collected in the wrong tube or container Incorrect labeling of specimen Failure to report critical values immediately

EDTA is used in concentrations of _____ of whole blood * 1/1 0.5 mg/1 mL of whole blood 1 mg/1mL of whole blood 1.5 mg/1 mL of whole blood 2 mg/1 mL of whole blood

Uncommon vascular complications that are not usually related to the technique include: * 1/1 Pseudoaneurysm Pseudoaneurysm and thrombosis Pseudoaneurysm, thrombosis and reflex arteriospasm Pseudoaneurysm, thrombosis, reflex arteriospasm and arteriovenous fistula formation

Complications include orthostatic hypotension, syncope and shock * 1/1 Vascular complications Cardiovascular complications Neurological complications Dermatological comlications

Complications include diaphoresis, seizure and pain: * 0/1 Vascular complications Cardiovascular complications Neurological complications Dermatological comlications

Sister chromatids move to the equatorial plate. * 0/1 Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Megakaryocytes develop into platelets in approximately __ days. * 1/1 3 days 5 days 9 days 12 days

This cytokine promotes the growth of early hematopoietic cell lines: * 1/1 Interleukin 1 Interleukin 2 Interleukin 3 Interleukin 6

Hemoglobin appears for the first time: * 1/1 Rubriblast (pronormoblast) Prorubricyte (basophilic normoblast) Rubricyte (polychromatophilic normoblast) Metarubricyte (orthochromic normoblast)

This pathway prevents denaturation of globin of the hemoglobin molecule by oxidation: * 1/1 Embden-Meyerhof pathway Hexose-monophosphate shunt Methemoglobin reductase pathway Luebering-Rapoport pathway

RBCs inclusions, 0.2 to 2.0 mm in size, that can be seen with a stain such as crystal violet or brilliant cresyl blue; represent precipitated, denatured hemoglobin and are clinically associated with congenital hemolytic anemia, G6PD deficiency, hemolytic anemias secondary to drugs such as phenacetin, and some hemoglobinopathies. * 1/1 Hemoglobin C crystals Heinz bodies Howell-Jolly bodies Pappenheimer bodies

RBC inclusions that are aggregates of mitochondria, ribosomes, and iron particles. Clinically, they are associated with iron-loading anemias, hyposplenism, and hemolytic anemias. * 1/1 Basophilic stippling Heinz bodies Howell-Jolly bodies Pappenheimer bodies

RBC inclusions representing granules composed of ribosomes and RNA that are precipitated during the process of staining of a blood smear; associated clinically with disturbed erythropoiesis (defective or accelerated heme synthesis),lead poisoning, and severe anemias. * 1/1 Basophilic stippling Heinz bodies Howell-Jolly bodies Pappenheimer bodies

Nuclear remnants predominantly composed of DNA; believed to develop in periods of accelerated or abnormal erythropoiesis, because the spleen cannot keep upwith pitting these remnants from the cell. Its presence is associated with hemolytic anemias, pernicious anemia, and particularly post-splenectomy, physiologicalatrophy of the spleen. * 1/1 Basophilic stippling Heinz bodies Howell-Jolly bodies Pappenheimer bodies

Anemias with low MCV and MCHC; microcytic, hypochromic RBCs, EXCEPT: * 1/1 Iron deficiency anemia Thalassemia Sideroblastic anemia Excessive alcohol ingestion

Severe increase in abnormal erythrocytes in each microscopic field; an equivalent descriptive term is MANY. * 1/1 0 1+ 2+ 3+ 4+

Inherited hemolytic anemia due to structural membrane defect: * 1/1 Thalassemia Sickle cell anemia Pyruvate kinase deficiency Hereditary spherocytosis

Hemoglobinopathies associated with ABNORMAL MOLECULAR STRUCTURE: * 0/1 Alpha thalassemia Alpha and beta thalassemia Sickle cell anemia and beta thalassemia Sickle cell anemia, sickle cell trait and Hb C disease

Elongated and curved nucleus; very clumped chromatin: * 0/1 Myelocyte Metamyelocyte Band Segmenter neutrophil

Indented nucleus, clumped chromatin: * 0/1 Promyelocyte Myelocyte Metamyelocyte Band

Mast cells have an appearance similar to that of the blood: * 1/1 Monocyte Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil

Once the metamyelocyte stage has been reached, cells have undergone ____ cell divisions and the proliferative phase comes to an end. * 0/1 1 or 2 cell divisions 2 or 3 cell divisions 4 or 5 cell divisions 6 or 7 cell divisions

Nuclear chromatin is coarse and clumped; dark blue (basophilic) cytoplasm around the periphery or in a radial pattern and few cytoplasmic vacuoles: * 0/1 Type I Downey cells Type II Downey cells Type III Downey cells

Myeloid cells demonstrate maturation beyond the blast and promyelocyte stage: * 0/1 M0 myeloid M1 myeloid M2 myeloid M3 myeloid

Abnormal proliferation of both erythroid and granulocytic precursors; may include abnormal megakaryocytic and monocytic proliferations: * 0/1 M3 M4 M6 M7

Small cells predominant; nuclear shape is regular with an occasional cleft; chromatin pattern is homogeneous and nucleoli are rarely visible; cytoplasm is moderately basophilic: * 0/1 L1 L2 L3

Cells are large and homogeneous in size; nuclear shape is round or oval; one to three prominent nucleoli; cytoplasm is deeply basophilic with vacuoles often prominent: * 0/1 L1 L2 L3

Leukemic reticuloendotheliosis: * 0/1 Prolymphocytoc leukemia Plasma cell leukemia Hairy cell leukemia Sezary syndrome

Solid tumor counterpart of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: * 1/1 Lymphoma, undifferentiated Lymphoma, poorly differentiated leukemia Lymphoma, well-differentiated leukemia Chloroma granulocytic leukemia

Solid tumor counterpart of plasma cell leukemia: * 1/1 Reticulum cell sarcoma Chloroma granulocytic leukemia Myeloma Lymphoma, undifferentiated

A distinctive feature of the megakaryocyte: * 0/1 Multinucleated Multilobular Multinucleated and multilobular None of these

A target INR range of ____ is recommended for most indications (e.g., treatment or prophylaxis of deep venous thrombosis [DVT], or prevention of further clotting in patients who have had a myocardial infarction). * 0/1 INR range of 1.0 to 2.0 INR range of 2.0 to 3.0 INR range of 2.5 to 3.5 INR range of 4.0 to 5.0

The target INR for pulmonary embolism (PE) treatment is ___ for the duration of anticoagulation. * 0/1 1.0 1.5 2.5 3.0

The new types of thromboplastins for measuring the PT are mixtures of phospholipids and recombinantly derived _____ tissue factor. * 0/1 Rabbit Pig Horse Human

Anticoagulant therapy: * 1/1 Falsely decreased D-dimer values Falsely increased D-dimer values No effect Cannot be determined

Smallest platelets seen: * 1/1 Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome May-Hegglin anomaly Alport syndrome Bernard-Soulier syndrome

Glanzmann thrombasthenia and essential athrombia: * 0/1 Platelet adhesion defect Primary platelet aggregation defect Secondary platelet aggregation defect Isolated platelet factor III deficicency

Acquired platelet function defects: * 0/1 Bernard-Soulier syndrome Bernard-Soulier and Glanzmann thrombasthenia Uremia, multiple myeloma Uremia, multiple myeloma, vitamin B12 or folate deficiency

Inherited platelet dysfunction: * 0/1 Bernard-Soulier syndrome Bernard-Soulier syndrome, Glanzmann's thrombasthenia Uremia, multiple myeloma Uremia, multiple myeloma, vitamin B12 or folate deficiency

Patients with _____ , the most severe form of von Willebrand disease, are likely to have a major episode of bleeding early in life because significantly decreased amounts of vWF and VIII:C are produced. * 1/1 Type IA Type IIB Type IIC, IID Type III

Conditions related to deficiencies of multiple coagulation factors: * 1/1 Hepatic disease Hepatic disease and anticoagulant overdose Anticoagulant overdose and vitamin K deficiency Hepatic disease, anticoagulant overdose, DIC and vitamin K deficiency

Indented or twisted nucleus, lacy chromatin and gray-blue cytoplasm: * 0/1 Segmented neutrophil Band neutrophil Monocyte Lymphocyte

Forward high-angle light scatter: * 0/1 0 degree angle 2 to 3 degree angle 5 to 15 degree angle 90 degree angle

RBC histogram to the LEFT: * 1/1 RBCs are larger than normal RBCs are smaller than normal Seen in megaloblastic anemia Treated anemia

Erythrocytes with an increased RDW; * 1/1 Homogenous in character, very little anisocytosis Homogenous, high degree of anisocytosis Heterogenous, very little anisocytosis Heterogenous, high degree of anisocytosis

MPV values should be based on specimens that are between ____ hours old. * 1/1 1 and 4 hours old 4 and 8 hours old 6 and 12 hours old 12 and 16 hours old

Measure of the uniformity of platelet size in a blood specimen: * 0/1 Platelet adhesion Platelet aggregation Mean platelet volume (MPV) Platelet distribution width (PDW)

Placement of fire extinguishers every ___ feet. * 0/1 75 feet 100 feet 125 feet 150 feet

Surfaces in the specimen collection and processing area should be cleaned with: * 0/1 70% isopropyl alcohol. 1:10 bleach solution. Soap and water. Any of the above

Which of the following is a proper way to clean up a small blood spill that has dried on a countertop? * 1/1 Moisten it with a disinfectant and carefully absorb it with a paper towel. Rub it with an alcohol pad, then wipe the area with a clean alcohol pad. Scrape it into a biohazard bag and wash the surface with soap and water. Use a disinfectant wipe and scrub it in ever-increasing concentric circles

The following test orders for different patient shave been received at the same time. Which test would you collect first? * 1/1 Fasting glucose STAT glucose in the ER STAT hemoglobin in ICU ASAP CBC in ICU

A member of the clergy is with the patient when you arrive to collect a routine specimen. What should you do? * 0/1 Ask the patient’s nurse what you should do. Come back after the clergy person has gone. Fill out a form saying you were unable to collect the specimen. Say “Excuse me, I need to collect a specimen from this patient."

The most common complication encountered in obtaining a blood specimen; it is caused by leakage of a small amount of blood in the tissue around the puncture site: * 1/1 Petechiae Hematoma Ecchymosis Hemoconcentration

The most common complication encountered in obtaining a blood specimen; it is caused by leakage of a small amount of blood in the tissue around the puncture site: * 1/1 Petechiae Hematoma Ecchymosis Hemoconcentration

A patient complains of extreme pain when you insert the needle during a venipuncture attempt. The pain does not subside, but the patient does not feel any numbness or burning sensation. You know the needle is in the vein because the blood is flowing into the tube. You have only two tubes to fill, and the first one is almost full. What should you do? * 0/1 Ask the patient if he or she wants you to continue the draw Discontinue the draw and attempt collection at another site Distract the patient with small talk and continue the draw Tell the patient to hang in there as you have only one tube left

Which type of patient is most likely to have an arteriovenous fistula or graft? * 1/1 Arthritic Dialysis Hospice Wheelchair-bound

Type of immersion oil with high viscosity and is used in brightfield and standard clinical microscopy. In hematology, this oil is routinely used. * 1/1 Type A Type B Type C

The recommended cleaner for removing oil from objectives is: * 1/1 Benzene Xylene Water 70% alcohol or lens cleaner

Often the objects appear to have “haloes” surrounding them. * 0/1 Brightfield microscope Darkfield microscope Phase-contrast microscope Polarized light microscope

True for PRECISION: * 0/1 Measure of agreement between an assay value and the theoretical “true value” of its analyte Magnitude of error separating the assay result from the true value Easy to define but difficult to establish and maintain Relatively easy to measure and maintain

Slope measures: * 0/1 Random error Constant systematic error Proportional systematic error Constant and proportional systematic error

The positive predictive value predicts the probability that an individual with a positive assay result ___ the disease or condition. * 0/1 Has Could have May have Will have

It describes the total number of events or conditions in a broadly defined population, for instance, the total number of patients with chronic heart disease in the Philippines. * 1/1 Incidence Prevalence False negative False positive

Type of chromatin represented by the more darkly stained, condensed clumping pattern and is the transcriptionally inactive area of the nucleus * 1/1 Euchromatin Heterochromatin

In ____, the tetraploid DNA is checked for proper replication and damage takes approximately 4 hours. * 1/1 G1 S G2 M G0

All of the following statements refers to APOPTOSIS, except: * 0/1 Enlarged cell size due to swelling Reduced cell size due to shrinkage Condensation and fragmentation of the nucleus between nucleosomes Mostly physiologic to remove unwanted cells

The process of replacing the active marrow by adipocytes (yellow marrow) during development is * 1/1 Hematopoiesis Progression Regression Retrogression Feedback