Used to clarify or add information within a quote.

Used to add extra information or clarification.

If you are to write anything, it must have the following characteristics:

Quotes: Use — quotes for quotes within quotes (in British English) or use — quotes for quotes within double quotes (in American English).

An — is like the skeleton of the human body.

Indicate omitted information, incomplete thoughts, or trailing off in dialogue.

is an expression of ideas.

You can easily follow good organization when you create an — of your ideas before you start.

Combines a question mark and exclamation point, used for surprised questions.

Common Errors Double spaces after periods: Only — space is needed after a period.

- signal words

It refers to the acceptable style of language for a particular form of text. Examples: Business correspondence - concise and formal Literary pieces - may be less formal and more creative

Often used to indicate a range.

refers to the connection of ideas

Used at the end of a direct question.

Used to create a break or emphasize a point.

refers to the ARRANGEMENT of ideas in a text.

- old info to new info (chronological)

An — is a way to shorten a long word. There is no specific rule to make an —. Sometimes, we use initial letters of a long word to make an — eg. ave for avenue, sometimes we choose first and last letters e.g. dr. for doctor, a nd sometime we random letters e.g. kg for kilogram.

: The comma before the “and” in lists is debated but often used for clarity.

Used to end a declarative sentence.

Used for direct quotes or to highlight a term.

Used to connect words in compound forms.

Show possession or form contractions.

Indicate pauses, separate items in a list, or join clauses.

An — forms up a new word by shortening a phrase and combining the first letter of each word in the phrase. Main thing to remember is that, — are pronounceable words e.g. ROFL will be pronounced as single word: [roffle]

It refers to the conventions of writing which includes capitalization, punctuation, spelling, numerals, abbreviation, acronyms, and contraction.

Used to connect closely related independent clauses or separate items in a complex list.

A — is a large unit of written language.

A group of ideas put together to make a point or one central idea.

It looks similar to an acronym in its forming structure but not exactly the same. —, like acronyms, also use the first letter of each word of a phrase or a sentence, but instead of combining the letters to form a new word, we pronounce each letter individually.

refers to the connection between sentences and between paragraphs.

Show strong emotion or excitement.