問題一覧
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It is defined as the society's way of life, customs beliefs, social forms, and traits that define a specific racial, religious, or social group.
CULTURE
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The complex whole includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.
EDWARD BURNETT TYLOR
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CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE
1. Culture is shared 2. Culture is dynamic, flexible, and adaptive 3. Culture is learned 4. Culture is transmitted through socialization or enculturation 5. Culture is a set of pattern and social interactions 6. Culture is integrated 7. Culture requires language and other forms of communicationCulture is shared 2. Culture is dynamic, flexible, and adaptive 3. Culture is learned 4. Culture is transmitted through socialization or enculturation 5. Culture is a set of pattern and social interactions 6. Culture is integrated 7. Culture requires language and other forms of communication
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It consists of tangible things created by humans that refer to the physical objects, resources, and spaces that people use to define their culture. Ex. Food, Clothing
MATERIAL CULTURE
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consists of intangible things that refer to the nonphysical ideas that people have about their culture. Ex. Values, Traditions
NON-MATERIAL CULTURE
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Anything that is used to represent, express, and/or stand for an event, situation, person, or idea.
SYMBOL
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system of words and symbols used to communicate with other people. It is considered as is our most important set of symbols.
LANGUAGE
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idea shared by the people in a society about what is right and wrong, desirable and undesirable. Ex. Elders are given high respect in the society.
VALUES
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The application of knowledge and equipment to ease the task of living and maintaining the environment; it includes devices created and used by people.
TECHNOLOGY
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People's ideas about what is real and what is not. It is what people consider as factual. It is convictions that people hold to be true. It is a state or habit of mind in which trust or confidence is placed in some person or thing. Ex. offering of foods, for the dead relatives.
BELIEFS
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Refers to specific rules/standards to guide for appropriate behavior. Ex. Killing, stealing and many more are strictly prohibited by society.
NORMS
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TELLS YOU WHAT TO DO
PRESCRIPTIVE
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TELLS YOU WHAT NOT TO DO
PROSCRIPTIVE
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These are norms that have little strengths and may, within broad limits, be easily broken.These are norms that have little strengths and may, within broad limits, be easily broken.
FOLKWAYS
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is also known as CUSTOMS, the everyday behavior that people follow for the sake of tradition or convenience.
FOLKWAYS
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This are strict norms that control moral and ethical behavior; they are based on definitions of right and wrong.
MORES
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These are controlled ethics and they are morally agreed, written down and enforced by an official law enforcement agency.
LAWS
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Whereby an individual observes and replicates/duplicates other's behavior.
IMITATION
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This is a process of inculcating ideas, attitudes, cognitive strategies or a professional methodology.
INDOCTRINATION/SUGGESTION
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- By which he/she was helped to learned something by punishing him or giving him reward.
CONDITIONING
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This is experienced when some parts of the society do not change as fast as with other parts and they are left behind
CULTURE LAG
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the feeling of disoriented, uncertain, out of place or even fearful when immersed in an unfamiliar culture. It may appear because people aren't always expecting cultural differences.
CULTURE SHOCK
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Refers to the rich diversity in social patterns that different human group exnibit around the world.Refers to the rich diversity in social patterns that different human group exnibit around the world.
CULTURAL VARIATION
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patterns or traits that are globally common to all societies.
CULTURAL UNIVERSAL
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A culture that is shared with a distinctive pattern of mores, folkways, and values which differ from a larger society.
SUBCULTURES
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smaller cultural group within a larger culture. Have a specific and unique set of beliefs and values that set them apart from the dominant culture.
SUBCULTURE
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culture practice by groups whose values and norms place it at odds with mainstream society or a group that actively rejects the dominant cultural values and norms
COUNTER CULTURE
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culture practiced and patronized by the upper classes of the society.
HIGH CULTURE
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culture practiced and patronized by the middle and working classes of society. It is the pattern of cultural experiences and attitudes that exist in mainstream society
POPULAR CULTURE
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is the practice by assessing a culture by its own standards rather that viewing it through the lens of one's own culture.
CULTURAL RELATIVISM
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is judging another culture using your own culture's rules and standards.
ETHNOCENTRISM
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The belief that one's culture is inferior to another.
XENOCENTRISM
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Pertains to a group of individuals involved in social interaction or sharing the same geographical or social territory
SOCIETY
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The people survived daily through hunting larger animals, collecting shellfish and vegetable gathering. Their tools were made of stones, wood and bones.
HUNTING AND GATHERING SOCIETIES
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The people planted seeds as a means of production for subsistence. This allows then to build permanent of semi-permanent homes.
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
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Most of the people are nomadic who follow their herds in quest of animals for food and clothing to satisfy their needs.
PASTORAL SOCIETIES
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Used plow to till the fields and irrigation farming which resulted to a larger yield of production that feed large number of people who did not know how to produce food by themselves
AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES
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This period is characterized by the use of machines as means of food production.
INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES
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Science and technology Information and communication technology is the hallmark of these modern societies. Characterized as by economy that is dependent on tangible goods and the people must pursue greater education
POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES
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achieving and exercising positions of governance over a human community.
POLITICS
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scientific study of man or human beings. describes human, human behavior and human societies around the world.
ANTHROPOLOGY-CULTURE
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the study of human social relationships and institutions.
SOCIOLOGY-SOCIETY
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Focuses on fundamental values of equality, freedom, and justice and its process linked to the dynamics of conflict, resolution, and cooperation.
POLITICAL SCIENCE-POLITICS
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suggests that parts can only be understood in relation to the whole.
HOLISM
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The attempt to explain both the similarities and differences among people in the context of humanity as a whole.
COMPARISON
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investigation where the researcher stays in or visits the place of investigation for a long period of time to receive firsthand experience and collects data.
FIELDWORK
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Cultures cannot be objectively ranked as higher or lower, or better or more correct, but that all humans see the world through the lens of their own culture, and judge it according to their own culturally acquired norms.
CULTURAL RELATIVISM
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used to analyze and explain objects of social study and facilitate organizing sociological knowledge.
Theoretical Perspective
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Its studies conflicts and inequality between groups and suggests changes. Conflict theory argues that when assets, power, and social reputations are divided unfairly across sections of society, then disputes develop and these conflicts form the source of social change.
CONFLICT
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attempts to understand the meanings of people associate with their social actions and the social institutions around them.
SOCIAL INTERACTIONISM
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The elements of society are understood by their role in maintaining society.
FUNCTIONISM
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HOMINIDS / HOMO
Man-Like primates
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Homo Rudolfensis, the first homonids Travel and may use stone tools
Homonids/Homo
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“The Handy Man”
HOMO HABILIS
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“Upright Man”
HOMO ERECTUS
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HOMO SAPIENS
THINKING MAN
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- They were the first to produce art in cave paintings and crafting decorated tools and accessories. - Believed to be the first species to alter their environment and utilize their resources.
HOMO SAPIENS