問題一覧
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Cell
basic unit of life
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Light Microscope
Intrument for Cell Visualization
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Electron Microscope
Instrument for Protien visualization
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Cell Theory
Concept: all organisms consist of cells
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Volume to surface area ratio
Relationship: volume increase, ratio decreases
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Nucleus
Organelle: holds DNA in Eukaryotic cells
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Plasma membrane
boundary marker of a cell
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Cytoplasm
cellular substance containing organelles
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Mitochondria
organelles: energy production in eukaryotes
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Choroplast
organelle: photosynthesis site in plants
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Lysosome
organelle: contains digestive enzymes
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Tay Sachs disease
genetic disorder due to lysosomal enzyme absence
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Apoptosis
programmed cell death triggered by lysosome release
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Rough ER
organelle: protien synthesis
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Smooth ER
organelle: lipid production, detoxification
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Golgi apparatus
organelle: modifies and packages molecules
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Cilia
cellular structure: aids in molecule movement
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Flagella
whip-like tail for cell movement
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Phospholipid bilayer
membrane structure: hydrophobic tails inside
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Membrane proteins
proteins in the cell membrane with various functions
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Gregor Mendel
known as the father of genetics
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Gene
unit of heredity
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Allele
variant form of a gene
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Phenotype
observable traits of an organism
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Genotype
genetic makeup of an organisms
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Homozygous
having identical allele for a gene
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Heterozygous
having different allele for a gene
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Genetic Ratios
common ratios in genetic crosses
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Codominance
both alleles expressed equally
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Incomplete dominance
phenotype between two homozygous parents
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Polygenic inheritance
trait influenced by multiple genes
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X-linked recessive traits
traits carried on the X chromosome
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Pleiotropy
single gene influencing multiple traits
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Mitosis
cell division producing identical cells
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Meiosis
cell division for gamete production
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Reduction Division
meiosis I: halves chromosome number
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SRY gene
gene determining maleness in mammals
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Sex chromosome
abnormalities in sex chromosome number
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Trisomy
condition: extra chromosome (eg; Down syndrome)
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Monosomy
condition: missing a chromosome (turner syndrome)
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Chromosomal mutations
changes in chromosome structure
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Deletion
mutation: chromosome segment loss
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Duplication
mutation: chromosome segment repetition
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Translocation
mutation: chromosome segment relocation
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Inversion
mutation: chromosome segment reversal
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Genetic Counseling
service: assesses genetic risks
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Karyotyping
process: arranging chromosomes by size
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Pedigree charts
Diagram: tracks genetic inheritance patterns