問題一覧
1
Reducing the volume and radioactivity of waste produced.
Waste Minimization
2
Where energy is released by fission of uranium and plutonium in fuel rods.
Reactor core
3
Prevent the release of radioactive materials into the environment
Containment
4
Importance of Radioactive waste management
Public health Environment safety Long-term sustainability Economic impact
5
Radiation Exposure with low doses of radiation exposure over long period
Chronic Exposure
6
Types of flow
Laminar flow (smooth & orderly) Turbulent flow (chaotic & mixed)
7
Another pioneer in geological disposal and in process of Forsmark deep geological repository
Sweden
8
Countries with advanced radioactive waste management
Finland Sweden United states
9
Leader in radioactive waste management and the home to Onkalo Repository
Finland
10
Radiation exposure with high doses over a short time
Acute exposure
11
Method of managing low-level waste by burying it close to the earth surface.
Near-surface disposal
12
Challenges in Nuclear Thermal Hydraulics
High heat loads Complex geometries Safety in extreme condition
13
Radiation Exposure
Chronic exposure Acute exposure Long term effects
14
It circulate coolant to remove heat
Reactor coolant pumps
15
Method of isolating high-level waste and long-lived intermediate-level wastes in geological formations underground.
Deep geological disposal
16
Radiation exposure that cause health problems after years of exposure.
Long term effects
17
Three modes of heat transfer.
Conduction (Heat through solids) Convection (Heat via fluid movements) Radiation (Heat as electromagnetic waves)
18
Long term environmental impacts of radioactive waste
Contamination Bioaccumulation Genetic damage
19
Process of permanently isolating radioactive waste from environment to protect human health.
Disposal
20
Waste with most radioactive isotopes with long half-lives
High-level waste
21
Challenges that coolant faces within pipes.
Flow resistance
22
Long history of managing radioactive waste.
United states
23
Method of isolating highly radioactive waste in deep, narrow boreholes into earth's crust.
Borehole disposal
24
Types of radioactive waste
Low-level waste Intermediate-level waste High-level waste Transuranic waste
25
US repository
Yucca mountain repository
26
First Deep Geological Repository
Onkalo Repository
27
Disposing LLW in specially designed, controlled landfills.
Engineered Landfill Disposal
28
Waste that contains radioactive isotopes w/ atomic no. greater than uranium, have long half-lives, and pose a persistent threat.
Transuranic waste
29
Sources of radioactive waste
Nuclear powerplant Medical and research institutions Indistrial sources Military and defense
30
Use heat transfer and fluid flow to generate energy safely.
Nuclear Reactor Systems
31
Study of heat transfer and fluid flow in nuclear reactors.
Nuclear Thermal Hydraulics
32
Waste with low amount of Radioactivity
Low-level waste
33
Waste with higher level of radioactivity
intermediate-level waste
34
Temporary or long-term holding of radioactive waste.
Storage
35
Converts the heat from reactor to steam.
Steam generator
36
Disposal Methods
Near-Surface Disposal Borehole Disposal Engineered Lanfill Disposal Deep Geological Disposal
37
Radioactive waste management strategies
Waste Minimization Containment Storage Dosposal
38
Material that contains radioactive isotopes and emits ionizing radiation. Arise from sources like nuclear power plants, medical facilities, and industrial processes.
Radioactive waste
39
Steam leaving the turbine and enters it.
Condenser