ethics

93問 • 1年前

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The ultimate good of man, according to Aristotle, consists of an

aggregate of goods which would help him attain happiness in this life.

can be defined as the fundamental constructs, principles or standards developed over a period of time that we use as a reference base our decisions and action

Values or Human Values

defined as a principle that promotes well-being or prevents harm.

Values

are our guidelines for our success, our paradigm about what is acceptable.

Values

the scales we used to weigh our choices for our actions

values

anything which satisfies a human need

values

identical to that which is good defined by Aristotle as “fitting a function”.

Value

fitting a function”

Value

Affective

Values

What is important

Values

What should I achieve

Values

Differ from person to person

Values

Motivates

Values

Emotion

Values

Cognity

Ethics

What is right

Ethics

What is the correct action

Ethics

Usually considered universal

Ethics

Constrain (limited)

ethics

Logical reason

Ethics

Values generally, have five characteristics or properties, namely:

 Subjective  Objective  Relative  Bipolar  hierarchical

Validity of values are dependent on the feelings or attitudes of the subject

Values are Subjective

Validity of values are independent ob the feelings or attitudes of the subject

Values are Objective

This means that values have intrinsic limitation and imperfection. In themselves, values are not limited and are not imperfect.

Values are Relative

It means that values do not exist alone; they always exist with their counter values. Thus, values are either positive or negative

Values are Bipolar

we do not classify values but rather we rank them. When we rank values, we establish order of importance among them.

Values are Hierarchical

Filipino values are our cultural values. They sum up our responses to the meaning of human life in the context of the cultural setting. They show our strengths and weaknesses as a people. Furthermore, it also refers to the set of values or the value system that a majority of the Filipino have historically held important in their lives.

Filipino Vaalue System

collection or gathering of things or people

Assemblage

system of ideas and ideals, esp. a form of basis of economic and political policy

Ideologies

a set of rules and guidelines that a person or group of people follow in order to live a life that is good.

Moral codes

marked by self-satisfaction when accompanied by unawareness of actual danger or deficiency.

Complacency

The double standard mentality may be corrected by removing its causes:

ignorance, complacency, and rationalization.

1. A responsible person differentiates between what is essential from what is accidental. 2. A responsible person internalizes his values. 3. A responsible person accepts the consequences of his actions.

Characteristic of a Responsible person

Is a process of change. It means a new way of thinking, a new perception of realities. For the Filipino, this growth begins with the fresh view of human dignity.

Moral maturity

means following your moral or ethical convictions and doing the right thing in all circumstances, even if no one is watching you. Having _____ means you are true to yourself and would do nothing the demeans or dishonors you.

Integrity

Is holding on to the purpose of doing something without giving up in spite of obstacles.

Perseverance

Is best demonstrated in a student’s steadfastness and constancy in supporting his teammates at school, his allegiance and adherence to the ideals of his school, and the like.

Loyalty

Is the state of being superior; excellence is surpassing one’s already the performance; it is demonstrating exceptionally good qualities

Excellence

Is a conscious action to structured behavior according to rules and regulations

Discipline

all men should have equal opportunities to enjoy economic, social and political rights.

Equity

whatever his religious affiliation, is encourage to exercise fervently his spirituality.

Godliness

t is the ability to develop vision that motivates others to move with a passion toward a common goal.

Leadership

It is a process by which a person influences other to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent.

Leadership

It is the ability and/or quality to initiate action, to set objectives and targets, provide direction, to offer guidance and/or to manage , steer and conduct other people.

Leadership

a process where a leader applies his knowledge and skills

Process Leadership

Traits that can influence one’s actions

Trait Leadership

Factors of Leadership

1. Leaders 2. Followers 3. Communication 4. Situation

Leadership goals

Inspire Empower Shared vision Lead Change

The ability to make successful efforts in influencing others through verbal or non-verbal communication.

Persuasion skills

Persuasion skills involves soft skills, including:

Communication Emotional Intelligence Active Listening Logic and reasoning Interpersonal Skills Negotiation

Different leadership style affects different situations. Leadership styles affects the motivation, effectiveness and productivity of employees.

Leadership Styles

are qualities or characteristics of person.

Personal Attributes

The society is unquestioningly obedient to the ruler who dictate everything because they imagine that their subjects are incapable of making decisions so they make them for them. The people have no voice in a monarchy or oligarchy. Captain is always right

Autocratic

Power lay in the hands of the people. The people choose their own representatives through the electoral process so that the representatives reflects the will of the governed. People know what is for the common good they can decide for themselves. Govern by a leader but majority of group

democratic

The kind of leadership sees man as responsible. He can decide for himself. Every man is entitled to be listened to and to be responsible for what he does. He does not need to be directed from above. As a result, there is no controlling authority. Confusion reign because everybody claims to be right. No leader Free

Liberal or Laissez faire

Communists view man as irresponsible and unable to know what he needs. Therefore, the ruling party must decide what is good for him. All properties belong to the State. People live and work in communes. Their goods are rationed.

Socialistic Leadership`

To inspire people to act in such a way that objectives are realized according to directions set by the group.

Animating groups

To be aware of the dynamics, technical, psychological and physical aspects of communication. The ability to listen well is

Communication and listening

To develop the ability to plan systematically that would take into consideration every aspect affecting and affected with the implementation of the plan. Stimulation of the thinking processes and decision-making is necessary for weighing alternatives and making practical choices.

dynamics of planning

Is the ability to stop and look back on what has happened, judge it according to set goals and make adjustments if necessary.

Evaluation

Bio means

life

Ethics means

morality

A branch of ethics which deals with the problem of life, health and death.

Bioethics

It is the study of the ethical issues emerging from advances in biology and medicine.

Bioethics

This principle guarantees the right of the patient to choose or refuse treatment.

Autonomy

This principle implies that medical practitioners should act in the best interest of their patient.

Beneficence

This principle implies that medical practitioners should not harm the patient

Nonmaleficence

This is a principle that follows fairness and equality.

Justice

An interdisciplinary effort which examines the ethical dimensions of problems at the cutting edge of technology, medicine and biology in their application to life

Bioethics

Ethical implications and applications of health-related life sciences.

Bioethics

Refers to bodily fitness, consisting in the absence of pain or illness. It include bodily, psychic, spiritual and religious dimension of man.

Health

Is defined as the intentional killing of oneself by one’s own volition and hands

Suicide

Is the deliberate extinction of human life to prevent further pain and suffering.

Euthanasia, or mercy killing

is the cutting off of a limb or removal of an organ integral to the human body for commercial purposes

Mutilation

Methods to prevent pregnancy are called

contraceptives

is that which is performed for the purpose of saving the life of the mother. Th

Indirect or Therapeutic abortion

Is the expulsion of the fetus by the willful wishes of the parents for purposes other than saving the life of the mother who is not endangered at all.

Direct or Selective Abortion

Contradicts basic instinct contrary to law

immoral

Activity that a person engages in regularly to earn a livelihood

Work

The concept of “hard work” is deluding (mislead) the working class into being loyal workers of the elite “Working hard” not necessarily an honorable thing, but simply a way to create greater wealth for those at the summit of the economic pyramid.

Socialist

is defined as a set of principles which guide an organization in its activities, decisions and firm’s philosophy that affect its productivity and reputation

Ethical code

These values have been challenged and characterized as submissive to social convention (general accepted standards) and authority, and not meaningful in and of itself, but only if a positive result accrues.

work ethics

is the use or application of our physical powers to accomplish a task. It is “use” because nobody can own another person’s body nor can sell his body.

Work

is the legitimate use of our mental and bodily powers for economic gain or profit

Work

fixed regular payment, typically paid on daily or weekly basis (unskilled) or manual labor)

Wage

– fixed regular payment, typically paid on a monthly or biweekly basis (white-collar job)

Salary

(typically money) awarded to someone for loss, injury

Compensation

– money paid for work or service

Remuneration

Formation of ethics begins as a .

child

is a fundamental requirements of any profession. It is integral to the success of the business as well.

Good ethics

Family Influences Peer Influences Experiences Values and Morals Situation Factors Religion The Legal System

formation of ethics

Values and principles that are introduced to an individual in a professional organization.

professional ethics

Self-created values and codes of conduct. (parents, friends and family played a big part) Examples: Honesty Humility Commitment Sense of responsibility Courtesy

personal ethics

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Gabriel Bionat · 30問 · 2年前

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