SFI113
問題一覧
1
Seedlings or saplings that develop
or are present in the understory.
Advance Regenration syn Advance Growth
2
Establishment of a forest or stand in an area not previously forested.
Afforestation
3
: A distinct aggregation of trees originating from a single natural disturbance or
regeneration cutting.
age class (cohort)
4
Creation of a new age class by renewal of a tree crop by
direct seeding, or by planting seedlings or cuttings
Artificial regeneration (reproduction)
5
The application of fire, usually under existing stands and under specific
conditions of weather and fuel moisture, in order to control vegetation to meet goals of
silviculture or hazard reduction.
burning prescribed
6
A release treatment made in an age class not past the sapling stage in order to free the
favored trees from less desirable individuals of the same age class which overtop them or are
likely to do so.
cleaning
7
See age class
cohort
8
The proportion of each tree species in a stand expressed as a percentage of
either the total number, basal area, or volume of all tree species in the stand.
composition stand
9
Any tree that is selected to become a component of a future final harvest.
crop tree
10
The part of a tree or woody plant bearing live branches and foliage.
Crown Class: A class of tree based on crown position relative to the crowns of adjacent trees.
crown
11
A class of tree based on crown position relative to the crowns of adjacent trees.
crown class
12
Trees with crowns extending above the general level of the main canopy of even-
aged groups of trees, and receiving full light from above and partly from the sides.
dominant
13
: Trees with crowns forming the general level of the main canopy in even-aged
groups of trees, receiving full light from above and comparatively little from the sides.
codominant
14
Trees with crowns extending into the lower portion of the main canopy of even-
aged groups of trees, but shorter in height than the codominants. They receive little direct
light from above and none from the sides.
intermediate
15
Trees of varying levels of vigor that have their crowns completely
covered by the crowns of one or more neighboring trees.
Overtopped (Suppressed):
16
The ground area covered by the crowns of trees or woody vegetation as delimited
by the vertical projection of crown perimeters and commonly expressed as a percent of total
ground area (syn Canopy Cover)
crown cover
17
The amount, compactness, or depth of foliage of the crowns of trees and/or shrubs.
crown density
18
The planned interval between partial harvests in an uneven-aged stand (see
Thinning Interval).
cutting cycle
19
A stand of trees containing a single age class in which the range of tree ages is
usually less than 20 percent of rotation.
even aged stand
20
A planned sequence of treatments designed to maintain and regenerate a stand
with one age class. The range of tree ages is usually less than 20 percent of the rotation. (See
Clearcutting, Seed Tree, Shelterwood, Coppice.)
even aged system
21
A cutting method by which a stand is harvested. Emphasis is on meeting
logging requirements rather than silvicultural objectives. (See Regeneration Methods.)
harvesting method
22
A cutting made in a stand past the sapling stage primarily to improve
composition and quality by removing less desirable trees of any species.
improvement cutting
23
Trees that during a specified period have grown past an arbitrary lower limit of (usually)
diameter or height. Ingrowth is usually measured as basal area or volume per unit area.
ingrowth
24
A collective term for any treatment designed to enhance
growth, quality, vigor, and composition of the stand after establishment of regeneration and prior
to final harvest. (See Tending, Stand Improvement.)
Intermediate Treatments (Tending):
25
A release treatment made in a stand not past the sapling stage in order to free the
favored trees from competition of older, overtopping trees.
liberation
26
An age class created from natural seeding, sprouting, suckering, or
layering.
natural regeneration
27
A tree, group, or crop of trees, shrubs, or other plants, either naturally
occurring or introduced, used to nurture or improve the form of a more important tree or crop
during youth by protecting it from frost, insolation, or wind.
nurse tree
28
The cutting of trees comprising an upper canopy layer in order to release trees
or other vegetation in an understory.
overstory removal
29
A thinning that does not yield trees of commercial value, usually
designed to improve crop spacing.
Precommercial Thinning (PCT):
30
A cutting method by which a new age class is created. The
major methods are Clearcutting, Seed Tree, Shelterwood, Selection, and Coppice (see
Harvesting Method).
Regeneration (Reproduction) Method:
31
Even aged methods
clear cutting, clearcutting with reserve, seed tree
32
A method of regenerating an even-aged stand in which a new age class
develops in a fully exposed microclimate after removal, in a single cutting, of all trees in
the previous stand. Regeneration is from natural seeding, direct seeding, planted
seedlings, and/or advance reproduction. Harvesting may be done in groups or patches
(Group or Patch Clearcutting), or in strips (Strip Clearcutting). In the Clearcutting
system, the management unit or stand in which regeneration, growth, and yield are
regulated consists of the individual clearcut stand (see Group Selection).
clearcutting
33
A clearcutting method in which varying numbers of reserve
trees are not harvested to attain goals other than regeneration.
clearcutting with reserve
34
An even-aged regeneration method in which a new age class develops from
seedlings that germinate in fully exposed micro-environments after removal of all the
previous stand except a small number of trees left to provide seed. Seed trees are
removed after regeneration is established
seed tree
問題一覧
1
Seedlings or saplings that develop
or are present in the understory.
Advance Regenration syn Advance Growth
2
Establishment of a forest or stand in an area not previously forested.
Afforestation
3
: A distinct aggregation of trees originating from a single natural disturbance or
regeneration cutting.
age class (cohort)
4
Creation of a new age class by renewal of a tree crop by
direct seeding, or by planting seedlings or cuttings
Artificial regeneration (reproduction)
5
The application of fire, usually under existing stands and under specific
conditions of weather and fuel moisture, in order to control vegetation to meet goals of
silviculture or hazard reduction.
burning prescribed
6
A release treatment made in an age class not past the sapling stage in order to free the
favored trees from less desirable individuals of the same age class which overtop them or are
likely to do so.
cleaning
7
See age class
cohort
8
The proportion of each tree species in a stand expressed as a percentage of
either the total number, basal area, or volume of all tree species in the stand.
composition stand
9
Any tree that is selected to become a component of a future final harvest.
crop tree
10
The part of a tree or woody plant bearing live branches and foliage.
Crown Class: A class of tree based on crown position relative to the crowns of adjacent trees.
crown
11
A class of tree based on crown position relative to the crowns of adjacent trees.
crown class
12
Trees with crowns extending above the general level of the main canopy of even-
aged groups of trees, and receiving full light from above and partly from the sides.
dominant
13
: Trees with crowns forming the general level of the main canopy in even-aged
groups of trees, receiving full light from above and comparatively little from the sides.
codominant
14
Trees with crowns extending into the lower portion of the main canopy of even-
aged groups of trees, but shorter in height than the codominants. They receive little direct
light from above and none from the sides.
intermediate
15
Trees of varying levels of vigor that have their crowns completely
covered by the crowns of one or more neighboring trees.
Overtopped (Suppressed):
16
The ground area covered by the crowns of trees or woody vegetation as delimited
by the vertical projection of crown perimeters and commonly expressed as a percent of total
ground area (syn Canopy Cover)
crown cover
17
The amount, compactness, or depth of foliage of the crowns of trees and/or shrubs.
crown density
18
The planned interval between partial harvests in an uneven-aged stand (see
Thinning Interval).
cutting cycle
19
A stand of trees containing a single age class in which the range of tree ages is
usually less than 20 percent of rotation.
even aged stand
20
A planned sequence of treatments designed to maintain and regenerate a stand
with one age class. The range of tree ages is usually less than 20 percent of the rotation. (See
Clearcutting, Seed Tree, Shelterwood, Coppice.)
even aged system
21
A cutting method by which a stand is harvested. Emphasis is on meeting
logging requirements rather than silvicultural objectives. (See Regeneration Methods.)
harvesting method
22
A cutting made in a stand past the sapling stage primarily to improve
composition and quality by removing less desirable trees of any species.
improvement cutting
23
Trees that during a specified period have grown past an arbitrary lower limit of (usually)
diameter or height. Ingrowth is usually measured as basal area or volume per unit area.
ingrowth
24
A collective term for any treatment designed to enhance
growth, quality, vigor, and composition of the stand after establishment of regeneration and prior
to final harvest. (See Tending, Stand Improvement.)
Intermediate Treatments (Tending):
25
A release treatment made in a stand not past the sapling stage in order to free the
favored trees from competition of older, overtopping trees.
liberation
26
An age class created from natural seeding, sprouting, suckering, or
layering.
natural regeneration
27
A tree, group, or crop of trees, shrubs, or other plants, either naturally
occurring or introduced, used to nurture or improve the form of a more important tree or crop
during youth by protecting it from frost, insolation, or wind.
nurse tree
28
The cutting of trees comprising an upper canopy layer in order to release trees
or other vegetation in an understory.
overstory removal
29
A thinning that does not yield trees of commercial value, usually
designed to improve crop spacing.
Precommercial Thinning (PCT):
30
A cutting method by which a new age class is created. The
major methods are Clearcutting, Seed Tree, Shelterwood, Selection, and Coppice (see
Harvesting Method).
Regeneration (Reproduction) Method:
31
Even aged methods
clear cutting, clearcutting with reserve, seed tree
32
A method of regenerating an even-aged stand in which a new age class
develops in a fully exposed microclimate after removal, in a single cutting, of all trees in
the previous stand. Regeneration is from natural seeding, direct seeding, planted
seedlings, and/or advance reproduction. Harvesting may be done in groups or patches
(Group or Patch Clearcutting), or in strips (Strip Clearcutting). In the Clearcutting
system, the management unit or stand in which regeneration, growth, and yield are
regulated consists of the individual clearcut stand (see Group Selection).
clearcutting
33
A clearcutting method in which varying numbers of reserve
trees are not harvested to attain goals other than regeneration.
clearcutting with reserve
34
An even-aged regeneration method in which a new age class develops from
seedlings that germinate in fully exposed micro-environments after removal of all the
previous stand except a small number of trees left to provide seed. Seed trees are
removed after regeneration is established
seed tree