Nucleic acid

Quinn Karylle Fuentes · 28問 · 2年前

通報

問題一覧

Polymers in which repeating unit is nucleotide

Nucleic acid.

What are the three components of nucleotides

Pentose Sugar, Phosphate group, Heterocyclic Base

Found within cell nucleus

DNA

Storage and transfer of genetic information

DNA

Passed from one cell to other during cell

DNA

Occurs in all parts of cell

RNA

Primary function is to synthesize the proteins

RNA

What is the BUILDING BLOCKS OF NUCLEIC ACID

Nucleotides.

Ribose is present in RNA and 2-deoxyribose is present in DNA

Pentose sugar

When a —OH group present on carbon 2’

Ribose.

When a —H group present on carbon 2’

Deoxyribose.

RNA and DNA differ in the identity of the sugar unit in their nucleotides (T/F)

True.

There are a total five bases (four of them in most of DNA and RNAs

Heterocyclic bases

What are Three pyrimidine derivatives

Uracil (U), Cytosine (C), Thymine (T)

What Two purine derivatives

Adenine (A), Guanine (G)

What is the derivatives found only in RNA

Uracil

What is the derivatives found only DNA

Thymine

third component of a nucleotide, is derived from ph osphoric acid (H3PO4 )

Phosphate

Phosphate is the third component of a nucleotide, is derived from ?

phosphoric acid

Under cellular pH conditions, the phosphoric acid is fully dissocia ted to give a hydrogen phosphate ion (HPO₄²⁻) (T/F)

True.

The suffix for pyrimidine bases

-idine.

The suffix For purine bases

-osine

The prefix deoxy- is used to indicate that the sugar present is

Deoxyribose.

No prefix is used when the sugar present is ribose (T/F).

true.

The formation of a nucleotide from sugar, base, and phosphate

Nucleotide formation.

Sugar-phosphate groups are referred to as nucleic acid backbone

Primary nucleic acid.

Found in all nucleic acids

Nucleic acid backbone.

nucleotide polymer in which e ach of the monomers contains ribose, a phosphate group, a nd one of the heterocyclic bases adenine, cytosine, guanin e, or uracil

Ribonucleic acid.

is a nucleotide polymer in which each of the monomers contains deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and one of the heterocyclic bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, or thymine.

Deoxyribonucleic acid

The structure sequence of nucleotides is DNA and RNA (T/F)

True.

Primary structure is due to changes in the bases (T/F)

True.

Phosphodiester should bond atm

3' and 5' position.

5’ end has free phosphate and 3’ end has a free OH group

Primary structure.

What is Backbone: of Phosphate-Sugar

Nucleic acid

What is the backbone: -Peptide bond

Proteins.

Nucleic acids have secondary and tertiary structure

Dna double helix

Human DNA contains 30% adenine, 30% thymine, 20% guanine and 20% cytocine (T/F)

True.

Who discover DNA

James watson, Francis crick.

The secondary structure involves two polynucleotide chains coiled around each other in a helical fashion

Dna double helix.

The bases are located at the centerand hydrogen bonded (A=T and GΞC)

Dna double helix.

The two strands are connected by hydrogen bonds b etween their bases

Dna double helix.

The poly nucleotides run anti-parallel (opposite directions) to each other, i.e., 5’ - 3’ and 3’ - 5’

Dna double helix

One small and one large base can fit inside the DNA strands

Base pairing.

Hydrogen bonding is stronger with A-T and G-C

Base pairing.

A-T and G-C are called

complementary bases

the sequence of bases on one polynucleotide is complementary to the other polynucleotide

Dna sequence

pairs of bases in a nucleic acid structure that can hydrogen bond to each other.

Complementary base.

Strands of DNA in a double helix with base pairin g such that each base is located opposite its complementary base.

Complementary Dna

Process by which DNA molecules produce exact duplicates of themselves

Replication.

act as templates for the synthesis of new strands

Old strand

checks the correct base pairing and catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester linkages

Dna polymerase.

The newly synthesized DNA has one new DNA strand and old DNA strand (T/F)

True

Enzyme can only function in the 5’-to-3’ direction

DNA polymerase

grows in segments (Okazaki fragments) in the opposite direction

lagging strand

are latter connected by DNA ligase

Segments

usually occurs at multiple sites within a molecule (origin of replication)

Dna replication.

A bidirectional from these sites (replication forks)

DNA replication

Multiple-site replication enables rapid DNA synthesis

Replication of dna.

Upon DNA replication the large DNA molecules interacts with histone proteins to fold long DNA molecules

Chromosomes.

The histone–DNA complexes are called

Chromosomes.

What is the percentage of Mass Dna in chromosomes

15%

What is the percentage of Mass protein in chromosomes

85%

Cells of different kinds of organisms have different numbers of chromosomes. (T/F)

True.

Chromosomes occur in matched (homologous) pairs. (T/F)

True.

Protein synthesis is directly under the direction of DNA (T/F)

True.

This are responsible for the formation of skin, hair, enzymes, hormones

Protein.

What are the two protein synthesis

Transcription, Translation

A process by which DNA directs the synthesis of mRNA molecules

Transcription

a process in which mRNA is deciphered to synthesize a protein molecule

Translation

The sugar unit in the backbone of RNA is ribose; it is deoxyribose in DNA (T/F)

True.

The base thymine found in DNA is replaced by uracil in RNA (T/F)

True.

RNA is a single-stranded molecule; DNA is doublestranded (double helix) (T/F)

True.

RNA molecules are much smaller than DNA molecules, ranging from 75 nucleotides to a few thousand nucleotides (T/F)

True.

Formed directly byDNA transcription

HnRNA

(hnRNA)

Heterogeneous nuclearRNA

Carries instructions for protein synthesis (genetic information) fromDNA

mRNA

The molecular mass of mRNA varies with the length of the protein (T/F)

True

Facilitates the conversion of hnRNA to mRNA.

snRNA

Contains from 100 to 200 nucleotides

snRNA

Combines with specific proteins to form ribosomes

rRNA

the physical site for protein synthesis

Ribosomes.

Ribosomes have molecular masses on the order of 3 million (T/F)

True.

tRNAs are the smallest (75–90 nucleotide units) T/F

True.

A process by which DNA directs the synthesis of mRNA molecules

Transcription

What is the two step process of transcription

Synthesis of hnRNA, Editing to yield mRNA molecule

A segment of a DNA base sequence responsible for the production of a specific hnRNA/mRNA molecule

Gene.

How long does a human genes nucleotide units?

~1000–3500

All of the genetic material (the total DNA) contained in the chromosomes of an organism

Genome

Human genome is about?

20,000–25,000

The unwinding process is governed by RNA polymerase (T/F)

True

Alignment of free ribonucleotides along the exposed DNA strand (template) forming new base pairs (T/F)

True.

catalyzes the linkage of ribonucleotides one by one to form mRNA molecule

RNA polymerase.

Transcription ends when the RNA polymerase enzyme encounters a stop signal on the DNA template (True/False)

True.

Excision of introns and joining of exons

Splicing.

A gene segment that codes for genetic information

Exon

a DNA segments that interrupt a genetic message

Intron

The splicing process is driven by

snRNA

A process by which several different protein variants are produced from a single gene

Alternative splicing

The process involves excision of one or more exons

Alternative splicing

100

All of the mRNA molecules that can be generated from the genetic material in a genome

Transcriptome

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Cell structure.

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