Polymers in which repeating unit is nucleotide

What are the three components of nucleotides

Found within cell nucleus

Storage and transfer of genetic information

Passed from one cell to other during cell

Occurs in all parts of cell

Primary function is to synthesize the proteins

What is the BUILDING BLOCKS OF NUCLEIC ACID

Ribose is present in RNA and 2-deoxyribose is present in DNA

When a —OH group present on carbon 2’

When a —H group present on carbon 2’

RNA and DNA differ in the identity of the sugar unit in their nucleotides (T/F)

There are a total five bases (four of them in most of DNA and RNAs

What are Three pyrimidine derivatives

What Two purine derivatives

What is the derivatives found only in RNA

What is the derivatives found only DNA

third component of a nucleotide, is derived from ph osphoric acid (H3PO4 )

Phosphate is the third component of a nucleotide, is derived from ?

Under cellular pH conditions, the phosphoric acid is fully dissocia ted to give a hydrogen phosphate ion (HPO₄²⁻) (T/F)

The suffix for pyrimidine bases

The suffix For purine bases

The prefix deoxy- is used to indicate that the sugar present is

No prefix is used when the sugar present is ribose (T/F).

The formation of a nucleotide from sugar, base, and phosphate

Sugar-phosphate groups are referred to as nucleic acid backbone

Found in all nucleic acids

nucleotide polymer in which e ach of the monomers contains ribose, a phosphate group, a nd one of the heterocyclic bases adenine, cytosine, guanin e, or uracil

is a nucleotide polymer in which each of the monomers contains deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and one of the heterocyclic bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, or thymine.

The structure sequence of nucleotides is DNA and RNA (T/F)

Primary structure is due to changes in the bases (T/F)

Phosphodiester should bond atm

5’ end has free phosphate and 3’ end has a free OH group

What is Backbone: of Phosphate-Sugar

What is the backbone: -Peptide bond

Nucleic acids have secondary and tertiary structure

Human DNA contains 30% adenine, 30% thymine, 20% guanine and 20% cytocine (T/F)

Who discover DNA

The secondary structure involves two polynucleotide chains coiled around each other in a helical fashion

The bases are located at the centerand hydrogen bonded (A=T and GΞC)

The two strands are connected by hydrogen bonds b etween their bases

The poly nucleotides run anti-parallel (opposite directions) to each other, i.e., 5’ - 3’ and 3’ - 5’

One small and one large base can fit inside the DNA strands

Hydrogen bonding is stronger with A-T and G-C

A-T and G-C are called

the sequence of bases on one polynucleotide is complementary to the other polynucleotide

pairs of bases in a nucleic acid structure that can hydrogen bond to each other.

Strands of DNA in a double helix with base pairin g such that each base is located opposite its complementary base.

Process by which DNA molecules produce exact duplicates of themselves

act as templates for the synthesis of new strands

checks the correct base pairing and catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester linkages

The newly synthesized DNA has one new DNA strand and old DNA strand (T/F)

Enzyme can only function in the 5’-to-3’ direction

grows in segments (Okazaki fragments) in the opposite direction

are latter connected by DNA ligase

usually occurs at multiple sites within a molecule (origin of replication)

A bidirectional from these sites (replication forks)

Multiple-site replication enables rapid DNA synthesis

Upon DNA replication the large DNA molecules interacts with histone proteins to fold long DNA molecules

The histone–DNA complexes are called

What is the percentage of Mass Dna in chromosomes

What is the percentage of Mass protein in chromosomes

Cells of different kinds of organisms have different numbers of chromosomes. (T/F)

Chromosomes occur in matched (homologous) pairs. (T/F)

Protein synthesis is directly under the direction of DNA (T/F)

This are responsible for the formation of skin, hair, enzymes, hormones

What are the two protein synthesis

A process by which DNA directs the synthesis of mRNA molecules

a process in which mRNA is deciphered to synthesize a protein molecule

The sugar unit in the backbone of RNA is ribose; it is deoxyribose in DNA (T/F)

The base thymine found in DNA is replaced by uracil in RNA (T/F)

RNA is a single-stranded molecule; DNA is doublestranded (double helix) (T/F)

RNA molecules are much smaller than DNA molecules, ranging from 75 nucleotides to a few thousand nucleotides (T/F)

Formed directly byDNA transcription

(hnRNA)

Carries instructions for protein synthesis (genetic information) fromDNA

The molecular mass of mRNA varies with the length of the protein (T/F)

Facilitates the conversion of hnRNA to mRNA.

Contains from 100 to 200 nucleotides

Combines with specific proteins to form ribosomes

the physical site for protein synthesis

Ribosomes have molecular masses on the order of 3 million (T/F)

tRNAs are the smallest (75–90 nucleotide units) T/F

A process by which DNA directs the synthesis of mRNA molecules

What is the two step process of transcription

A segment of a DNA base sequence responsible for the production of a specific hnRNA/mRNA molecule

How long does a human genes nucleotide units?

All of the genetic material (the total DNA) contained in the chromosomes of an organism

Human genome is about?

The unwinding process is governed by RNA polymerase (T/F)

Alignment of free ribonucleotides along the exposed DNA strand (template) forming new base pairs (T/F)

catalyzes the linkage of ribonucleotides one by one to form mRNA molecule

Transcription ends when the RNA polymerase enzyme encounters a stop signal on the DNA template (True/False)

Excision of introns and joining of exons

A gene segment that codes for genetic information

a DNA segments that interrupt a genetic message

The splicing process is driven by

A process by which several different protein variants are produced from a single gene

The process involves excision of one or more exons

All of the mRNA molecules that can be generated from the genetic material in a genome