process of breaking down proteins into smaller pieces, misfolded proteins are removed or fixed

Hsp70 releases the protein and then quickly replace the used ATP

Proteins going to peroxisomes are created in the cytoplasm, tagged with a special tag, and directly transported into the peroxisome without unfolding.

Integral proteins that transport proteins

Import of membrane protein

Attracts the +charged presequence into the matrix

Lipids made in the er

Import of type1 protein into peroxisome matrix

Attach to newly made proteins to keep unfolded until they bind to Sec63

Some are part of the protein permanent signal peptides are located in N, C or middle of the protein Some proteins have more than one signal

Outer membrane, innermembrane, intermembranous space

N-terminus in the cytoplasm.

Interact with the bilayer by a single stretch of hydrophobic amino acids at the C-terminus.

SREBP

At C terminus with 3 conserved amino acids

Proteins with ER signal go to ER; those without stay in cytosol.

Refers to how well mitochondria makes energy

Import of type2 protein into peroxisome matrix

PTS1, PTS2

Sequence, charge, length

Divide and fuse

Leads to small mitochondria and defects in the myelin sheath that insulates axons

During translation, if the protein carries an ER signal sequence, SRP halts translation, guiding the ribosome to the ER membrane where the protein is inserted.

Mitochondria grow and divide within cells, they get most of their proteins from the cytoplasm while making some of its own protein internally replicating their DNA.

Multiple protein chains linking together to form a larger protein complex

Inner potential and ATP breaking

Keep proteins unfolded

16,456 bp with only 13 mitochondrial membrane protein, 2 ribosomal RNAs and some essential tRNA

Proteins made in the cytoplasm are tagged and transported to mitochondria to be refolded.

Process of making new mitochondria

• Most important source of lipid • Form the nuclear envelope • Lumen of ER is the major place for protein creation and folding

Proteins are made and moved around the cell using systems of membrane often are modified

ER by signal sequencing and will be cleaved by signal peptidase

Getting most of its protein from cytoplasm while making some of its own internally replicating their DNA

Expansion of prokaryotic plasma membrane

3 folds larger

Increase surface area for ATP creation

Proteins for the ER, Golgi, lysosomes, and cell membrane are carried by vesicles

Drive electron transport pathway in the inner mitochondria membrane

In N-terminus with loose consensus

Specific amino acid sequence deciding where proteins target

Proteins with a (NLS) are transported through nuclear pores to the nucleus

Proteins destined for mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes are transported across their membranes.

Single protein chain turning into a specific shape

Insert proteins into the peroxisomal membrane

Number of mitochondria

Generate Acetyl-CoA to feed the citric acid cycle

Proteins destined for the ER are made directly to go the the ER,After they are in they fold

Electrochemical gradient of protons drives ATP creation

PEX3 and 16, PEX5, PEX7

Process where protein is made and folded at the same time at ER with the help of SRP

Biggest part of the cell that is enclosed by a membrane

Membrane-enclosed organelle containing many oxidative enzymes without DNA or ribosomes

help guide the newly created protein cross the pore

Glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation

Where only protein folding is done in the er

Use the transport of high energy electron to create gradient of proteins in inner membrane

C-terminus in the cytoplasm.