Comes from the latin word adolescentem which means growing or near maturity. 10-19 years of age

11-14 years old

15-17 years old

17-19 years old

The developmental stage of life and transition from childhood to adulthood.

Changes in primary and secondary sex characteristics. Sudden rush of hormones and make the adolescents life very complicated.

Mental Capacities. The beginning development of more complex thinking process

Emotional Maturity. To give and receive affection. Experienced emotional satisfaction with their parents and other significant love ones. Become aware of self-identity and sexual orientation. Prepares the adolescent to parenthood

A Central task of adolescence is the search for identity

Such as engaging in trouble and not accomplishing what they set out to do.

A common dilemma among adolescents when they are constantly faced with making decisions in their life for them to be able to achieve their goals.

Are skills, knowledge, functions or attitudes that individuals must acquire at various stages during their lifetime.

Proposed by Carl Rogers It is how we perceive our behaviours, abilities and unique characteristics.

Tends to be more malleable when we’re younger and still going through the process of self-discovery and identity formation.

The person you want to be. This person has the attributes or qualities you are either working toward or want to possess.

Refers to how you see yourself at this moment in time.

By Charles Horton Cooley States that individuals form their view of themselves based on how they believed they appear to other.

American psychologists Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham developed this model in 1955. This model is based on two ideas- trust can be acquired by revealing information about you to others and learning yourselves from their feedbacks

Is a part of ourselves that we are happy to share with others and discuss openly.

There are things which are too private to share with others. We hide these away and refuse to discuss them with other people.

The view with our self is not always the same how others perceive us. Our blind self may remain blind because others will not discuss this part of us for a range of reason.

The fourth self is one which neither we nor other people see. This undiscovered self may include both good and bad things about us.

Adolescent developmental domains are intertwined and strongly influenced by experiences and environments.

These changes are part of a long, complex process of maturation that begins even before birth, and their psychological ramifications may continue into adulthood.

Sudden and dramatic changes in an adolescent’s body. Girls - 10, Boys - 12

Girls start puberty early due to

is a hormone that plays various roles in the body.

The external and internal genitalia. Parts of human anatomy.

Features of the human body that develops during puberty. Examples are changing in the voices, growth of pubic and facial hair.

Is the medical term for the beginning of breast development. For 90% of girls this is the first sign of puberty.

Growth of pubic hair that happens 6 months after thelarche begins. Two years after pubarche, axillary hairs start to grow.

The onset of menses (1st mens), arrives on average at age 12.5 years.

A boy’s first ejaculation, often occur during wet dream.

Is the period of time where there is the fastest rate in growth of standing stature and is often known as the adolescent growth spurt.

They can now think abstractly, reason logically, think hypothetical possibilities, and impossibilities about life. Crucial with how they perceive themselves and the world

systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgement

Seeing ourselves in “center stage”. The belief that others are paying more attention to our appearance and behavior than they usually are.

The illusion that our concealed emotions leak out and can be easily read by others.

Evaluating one’s abilities and opinions by comparing oneself with others.

Is the practice of focusing your awareness on the present moment without judgement.

What we know and what we believe about ourselves

A person’s overall self- evaluation or sense of self-worth

The belief in your own competence and effectiveness

Prefer to see info and to visualize the relationship between ideas.

Prefer to hear info rather than reading it or seeing it displayed visually. Like to recite information out loud to remember it.

Interacting with text is more powerful for them.

Adolescence is a period wherein confusion starts to arise in choosing what to believe and what to accept.

According to Erik Erikson, the main task of adolescents is to solve the

A period of “storm and stress. “

Passageway for both urine and semen when exiting the body

Produces a fluid that mixes with sperm to form semen, nourishing and protecting sperm

Used for both the elimination of urine from the body and the delivery of sperm for sexual reproduction

Produces sperm and testosterone—male sex hormones that affect the way bodies develop

Carries sperm from the testes to the urethra during ejaculation

Passageway for eggs from the ovaries to the uterus and provides the site for fertilisation by the sperm

Where a fertilised egg implants and grows into a fetus during pregnancy

Allows menstrual blood to flow from the uterus and serves as a pathway for sperm to enter the uterus

Produces eggs (ova) and female sex hormones like estrogen and progesterone

Receives the penis during sexual reproduction, allows the menstrual blood to exit the body, and lets the baby passes through during childbirth

Canadian developmental psychologist James Marcia refined and extended Erik Erikson’s model, primarily focusing on adolescent development. The main idea is that one’s sense of identity is determined largely by the choices and commitments made regarding certain personal and social traits Marcia’s theory of identity achievement argues that two distinct parts form an adolescent’s identity: crisis and commitment.

A time of upheaval where old values or choices are being reexamined

The end outcome of crisis leads to a ____ made to a certain role or value

The status in which the adolescent does no have a sense of having choices; he or she has not yet made (nor is attempting/willing to make) a commitment

They tend to conform to the expectations of others regarding their future. Some parents may make these decisions for their children

The status in which the adolescent is currently in a crisis, exploring various commitments and is ready to make choices, but hasn't made a commitment to these choices yet. The individual is exploring various choices but has not yet made a clear commitment to any of them.

The status in which an adolescent has gone through an identity crisis and has made a commitment to a sense of identity(i.e. certain role or value) that he or she has chosen.

The influence of other people on our everyday thoughts, feelings and behavior. Leads individuals to adapt and adhere to the opinions and behavior of others.

The change in beliefs, opinions, and behaviors as a result of our perceptions about what other people believe or do.

Happens when people change their behavior in order to be correct. We often look to others who are better informed and more knowledgeable and use their lead to guide our own behaviors.

Stems from a desire to avoid punishments (such as going along with the rules in class even though you don't agree with them) and gain rewards (such as behaving in a certain way in order get people to like you)

Are people who learn from their experience and deal with frustration effectively. They accept constructive criticisms and embrace who they are.

is an important ingredient in living a harmonious life.

Are selfish, lack independence, run away from responsibilities, and blame other people for their mistakes.

David Elkind (1967) expanded on the concept of Piaget’s adolescent egocentricity - Physiological changes that occur during adolescence result in adolescents being primarily concerned with themselves.

Is the adolescent’s belief that those around them are as concerned and focused on their appearance as they themselves are

Belief that one is unique, special, and invulnerable to harm.

Starts a new venture task, then suddenly stop working.

By Albert Bandura Suggests that observation and modeling play a primary role in this process. - Most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling

Adolescents are moving towards becoming independent physically, emotionally and cognitively, and yet they are still growing.

If transition is unsuccessful, they may have an adversarial relationship with their parents which may lead to bitterness towards their parents.

A family and its members continue to provide valuable role models for a range of behaviors, including effective communication, relationship skills, and socially acceptable behaviors.

By watching media violence, childrens may act out the aggressive actions they see portrayed on television.

By Robert McCrae and Paul Costa The five primary personality traits are called OCEAN: (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism)

Is the physiological or psychological response to internal or external stressors. Stress influences how people feel and behave.

The Father of Stress and introduced the concept of eustress and distress

A stress that has a positive effect on you.

A stress that negatively affects you.

The extinction of motivation or incentive, especially where one’s devotion to a cause or relationship fails to produce the desired results.

can be defined as a negative emotional, physical and mental reaction to prolonged study that results in exhaustion, frustration, lack of motivation and reduced ability in school.

it’s important to find ways to cope with stress. Knowing the signs and stages of stress can help you take appropriate steps to manage your stress level and lower your risk of complications.

Is divided into two fundamental parts: the Central Nervous system and Peripheral Nervous System.

The command center, where information is processed, decisions are made, and memories are stored.

Acts like an information highway, transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of the body.

Conduits carrying information to and from the central nervous system.

Information processing points

In charge with the response or actions of an individual after processing the information, jelly-like consistency. Average weight is 3lbs or 1350 grams. Protected by the skull

A cylindrical structure that runs through the center of your spine, from your brainstem to your low back. There are over 1-billion neurons in the spinal cord. Over 120 muscles and 220 ligaments support the average spine. The spinal cord lies inside the spinal column, which is made up of 33 bones called vertebrae.

A fissure or groove that separates the two hemispheres is called the _____. The two sides of the brain are joined at the bottom by the _____.

Major language center that is associated with Production of speech

Comprehension of speech