the total lung capacity is the total volume of the lungs, around ? I’m males, around 4500 ml in females

during inspiration, nerves impulses travel on the ? nerves to muscle fibres in the diaphragm causing them to contract

what lung volume cannot be measured with a spirometer

what is the significance of the oxygen haemoglobin saturation curve

which of the following is not a mechanism used to remove carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular metabolism, from the blood stream

the functional residual capacity (FRC) is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after completing a ? respiratory cycle

which is the main mechanism regulating breathing and respiratory distress

which of the following does not affect activity of the respiratory centres

diaphragmatic breathing typically occurs at ? levels I’d activity and as increased volumes of air are required the inspiratory movements are larger and the contribution of rib movement increases

the inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) is the amount of air that can be inhaled above and beyond the ? and varies by gender

during expiration, the elastic tissues of the lungs and thoracic cage, which were stretched during inspiration, suddenly recoil, and surface tension collapses the

the expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is the amount of air that can be voluntarily expelled after completing a normal, quiet respiratory cycle and with maximal use of the ? typically an additional 1000 ml of air can be expelled

respiratory control has both involuntary and voluntary components and particularly imposed the respiratory centres of the medulla oblongata and ? , which alter the pattern of breathing

the ? capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs in a single respiratory cycle

an increase in altitude causes a decrease in gas exhange efficiency because

emphysema (degeneration of lung tissue) is characterised by reduced elastic recoil in the lungs. how would this affect breathing

in forced breathing (hyperpnea) exhalation involved contraction of the

air continues to enter the lungs until their volume stops increasing and the internal pressure is

what happens to the pressure in a gas as the volume of the container increases

the percentage of haeme units containing bound oxygen at any moment is called the

the resting tidal volume is the amount of air that moves in be out of the lungs during a single respiratory cycle under resting conditions averaging about

how does surfactant improve lung compliance

an oxygen heamoglobin saturation curve is a graph that relates the saturation of haemoglobin to the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2). if PO2 increase the reaction (and curve) principally shifts ? and more oxygen gets bound to haemoglobin

Dalton’s law states that

during quiet breathing, when the muscles of inhalation relax, elastic components recoil returning the diaphragm and/or the rib cage to their original positions - so called:

total oxygen consumption over time can be used to calculate

carbon monoxide combined irreversibly with haemoglobin to form carbon haemoglobin. this will cause

the respiratory tract consists of the airways that carry air to and from the exchange surfaces of the lungs with a conducting portion - which begins at the entrance to the nasal cavity of the mouth and extends to the

in costal (shallow) breathing inhalation is during expansion of thw

the compliance of the lungs is an indication of their

the term respiratory in refers to ? integrated processes

which of the following is not a basic function of the respiratory system

pulmonary ventilation (breathing) has the primary function of maintaining adequate

the residual volume is the amount of air that remains in the lungs even after a maximal ?, around 1200 ml, and the minimal volume is the amount of air that would remain in your lungs if they were allowed to collapse

which of the following structures produces speech

pulmonary ventilation (breathing)

air moves in and out of the respiratory tract as the ? pressure in the lungs cycles below atmospheric pressure (drawing air in) and above atmospheric pressure (pushing air out)

the intrapulmonary (infra-alveolar) pressure is the pressure measured inside the respiratory tract at the alveoli, and on inhalation it drops from atmospheric pressure of 760 mm Hg to about

kussmaul, deep, rapid respiration as seen in uncontrolled diabetes will

dalton law describes

in acidosis (blood pH below normal), haemoglobin

neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is severely reduced lung compliance due to insufficient surfactant production which may occur in premature infants. it may be treated by

hyperventilation may cause unconsciousness because

when circulating blood plasma concentrations of oxygen or carbon dioxide are high, the excess molecules are removed by the

the binding and dissociation of oxygen to haemoglobin is a typical reversible reaction. at equilibrium

which of the following is not a major type or pattern of ventilation

when body temperature rises above normal haemoglobin

the ? is the pressure measured inside the space between the parietal and visceral pleurae and on inhalation it drops from atmospheric pressure of 760 mm Hg to about 756 mm Hg, but can drop to 743 mm ahh during powerful inhalation

surfactant is produced by septal cells of the alveoli and is an oily secretion that forms a layer on the inside of the alveoli,

? movements are usually classified as quiet breathing or forced breathing by the pattern of muscle activity in the course of a single respiratory cycle

which of the following is not a component of the total lung volume

a respiratory cycle is a single cycle of inhalation and exhalation and the ? is the amount of air you move into or out of the lungs during a single respiratory cycle

why is it possible to resuscitate a non breathing casualty with expired air

gas exchange at the respiratory membrane is efficient because

what is the effect of rebreathing expired air

the inspiratory ? is the amount of air that can be drawn into the lungs after completing a quiet respiratory cycle

air moves into and out of the respiratory system by changing the volume of the lungs, altering the pressure relationships and thus air movement, and thus is primarily achieved by the contraction of

a significant factor in maintaining the normal pH or body fluids is the loss of which gas during external respiration

in quiet breathing, inhalation is ? involving muscular contractions of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

the upper respiratory system contains which of the following