respiratory

60問 • 2年前

問題一覧

which of the following is not a basic function of the respiratory system

helps control body fluid volume

the upper respiratory system contains which of the following

pharynx

the respiratory tract consists of the airways that carry air to and from the exchange surfaces of the lungs with a conducting portion - which begins at the entrance to the nasal cavity of the mouth and extends to the

terminal bronchioles

the term respiratory in refers to ? integrated processes

pulmonary ventilation (breathing)

involves the physical movement of air into the lungs

pulmonary ventilation (breathing) has the primary function of maintaining adequate

alveolar ventilation

air moves in and out of the respiratory tract as the ? pressure in the lungs cycles below atmospheric pressure (drawing air in) and above atmospheric pressure (pushing air out)

air

Dalton’s law states that

the total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures of the individual gases

air continues to enter the lungs until their volume stops increasing and the internal pressure is

the same as the outside

the compliance of the lungs is an indication of their

expandability

surfactant is produced by septal cells of the alveoli and is an oily secretion that forms a layer on the inside of the alveoli,

reducing the surface tension

the intrapulmonary (infra-alveolar) pressure is the pressure measured inside the respiratory tract at the alveoli, and on inhalation it drops from atmospheric pressure of 760 mm Hg to about

759 mm Hg

the ? is the pressure measured inside the space between the parietal and visceral pleurae and on inhalation it drops from atmospheric pressure of 760 mm Hg to about 756 mm Hg, but can drop to 743 mm ahh during powerful inhalation

intra pleural pressure

a respiratory cycle is a single cycle of inhalation and exhalation and the ? is the amount of air you move into or out of the lungs during a single respiratory cycle

tidal volume

air moves into and out of the respiratory system by changing the volume of the lungs, altering the pressure relationships and thus air movement, and thus is primarily achieved by the contraction of

skeletal muscles

? movements are usually classified as quiet breathing or forced breathing by the pattern of muscle activity in the course of a single respiratory cycle

respiratory

in quiet breathing, inhalation is ? involving muscular contractions of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

active

in costal (shallow) breathing inhalation is during expansion of thw

rib cage

during quiet breathing, when the muscles of inhalation relax, elastic components recoil returning the diaphragm and/or the rib cage to their original positions - so called:

elastic rebound

diaphragmatic breathing typically occurs at ? levels I’d activity and as increased volumes of air are required the inspiratory movements are larger and the contribution of rib movement increases

minimal

in forced breathing (hyperpnea) exhalation involved contraction of the

internal intercostal muscles

during inspiration, nerves impulses travel on the ? nerves to muscle fibres in the diaphragm causing them to contract

phrenic

during expiration, the elastic tissues of the lungs and thoracic cage, which were stretched during inspiration, suddenly recoil, and surface tension collapses the

alveolar walls

which of the following is not a component of the total lung volume

residential volume

the resting tidal volume is the amount of air that moves in be out of the lungs during a single respiratory cycle under resting conditions averaging about

500 ml

the expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is the amount of air that can be voluntarily expelled after completing a normal, quiet respiratory cycle and with maximal use of the ? typically an additional 1000 ml of air can be expelled

accessory muscles

the residual volume is the amount of air that remains in the lungs even after a maximal ?, around 1200 ml, and the minimal volume is the amount of air that would remain in your lungs if they were allowed to collapse

exhalation

the inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) is the amount of air that can be inhaled above and beyond the ? and varies by gender

tidal volume

the inspiratory ? is the amount of air that can be drawn into the lungs after completing a quiet respiratory cycle

capacity

the functional residual capacity (FRC) is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after completing a ? respiratory cycle

quiet

the ? capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs in a single respiratory cycle

vital

the total lung capacity is the total volume of the lungs, around ? I’m males, around 4500 ml in females

6000 ml

which of the following is not a major type or pattern of ventilation

hypopnea

gas exchange at the respiratory membrane is efficient because

blood flow and airflow are co ordinated

when circulating blood plasma concentrations of oxygen or carbon dioxide are high, the excess molecules are removed by the

red blood cells

the percentage of haeme units containing bound oxygen at any moment is called the

haemoglobin saturation

an oxygen heamoglobin saturation curve is a graph that relates the saturation of haemoglobin to the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2). if PO2 increase the reaction (and curve) principally shifts ? and more oxygen gets bound to haemoglobin

to the right

which of the following is not a mechanism used to remove carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular metabolism, from the blood stream

dissolved in urine

respiratory control has both involuntary and voluntary components and particularly imposed the respiratory centres of the medulla oblongata and ? , which alter the pattern of breathing

pons

which of the following does not affect activity of the respiratory centres

monosynaptic reflexes

hyperventilation may cause unconsciousness because

blood pCO2 is reduced so much that brain hypoxia occurs before an involuntarily respiratory command is issued

which is the main mechanism regulating breathing and respiratory distress

chemoreceptors monitoring pCO2

in acidosis (blood pH below normal), haemoglobin

releases more oxygen at a given pO2

when body temperature rises above normal haemoglobin

releases more oxygen at a given pO2

what is the significance of the oxygen haemoglobin saturation curve

it expresses the relationship between pO2 and the level of haemoglobin saturation

the binding and dissociation of oxygen to haemoglobin is a typical reversible reaction. at equilibrium

oxygen molecules bind to haem at the same rate that other oxygen molecules are being released

what is the effect of rebreathing expired air

increased pCO2 causes increased rate and decreased depth of breathing

why is it possible to resuscitate a non breathing casualty with expired air

because air expired during normal breathing still contains sufficient oxygen to saturate haemoglobin

how does surfactant improve lung compliance

by reducing the surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli

neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is severely reduced lung compliance due to insufficient surfactant production which may occur in premature infants. it may be treated by

all of the above

which of the following structures produces speech

larynx

emphysema (degeneration of lung tissue) is characterised by reduced elastic recoil in the lungs. how would this affect breathing

difficulty breathing out

kussmaul, deep, rapid respiration as seen in uncontrolled diabetes will

increase blood pH

carbon monoxide combined irreversibly with haemoglobin to form carbon haemoglobin. this will cause

severe tissue hypoxia

what happens to the pressure in a gas as the volume of the container increases

deceases

what lung volume cannot be measured with a spirometer

residual

total oxygen consumption over time can be used to calculate

basal metabolic rate

a significant factor in maintaining the normal pH or body fluids is the loss of which gas during external respiration

co2

an increase in altitude causes a decrease in gas exhange efficiency because

there is a decrease in oxygen pressure, therefore less of a gradient into the lungs during inspiration

dalton law describes

the laws of partial pressures of gases

concepts

concepts

muscle

muscle

nervous

nervous

reproductive

reproductive

renal

renal

gastro

gastro

endocrine

endocrine

bodily fluids

bodily fluids

cardiovascular

cardiovascular

問題一覧

which of the following is not a basic function of the respiratory system

helps control body fluid volume

the upper respiratory system contains which of the following

pharynx

terminal bronchioles

the term respiratory in refers to ? integrated processes

pulmonary ventilation (breathing)

involves the physical movement of air into the lungs

pulmonary ventilation (breathing) has the primary function of maintaining adequate

alveolar ventilation

air moves in and out of the respiratory tract as the ? pressure in the lungs cycles below atmospheric pressure (drawing air in) and above atmospheric pressure (pushing air out)

air

Dalton’s law states that

the total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures of the individual gases

air continues to enter the lungs until their volume stops increasing and the internal pressure is

the same as the outside

the compliance of the lungs is an indication of their

expandability

surfactant is produced by septal cells of the alveoli and is an oily secretion that forms a layer on the inside of the alveoli,

reducing the surface tension

the intrapulmonary (infra-alveolar) pressure is the pressure measured inside the respiratory tract at the alveoli, and on inhalation it drops from atmospheric pressure of 760 mm Hg to about

759 mm Hg

intra pleural pressure

a respiratory cycle is a single cycle of inhalation and exhalation and the ? is the amount of air you move into or out of the lungs during a single respiratory cycle

tidal volume

air moves into and out of the respiratory system by changing the volume of the lungs, altering the pressure relationships and thus air movement, and thus is primarily achieved by the contraction of

skeletal muscles

? movements are usually classified as quiet breathing or forced breathing by the pattern of muscle activity in the course of a single respiratory cycle

respiratory

in quiet breathing, inhalation is ? involving muscular contractions of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

active

in costal (shallow) breathing inhalation is during expansion of thw

rib cage

during quiet breathing, when the muscles of inhalation relax, elastic components recoil returning the diaphragm and/or the rib cage to their original positions - so called:

elastic rebound

diaphragmatic breathing typically occurs at ? levels I’d activity and as increased volumes of air are required the inspiratory movements are larger and the contribution of rib movement increases

minimal

in forced breathing (hyperpnea) exhalation involved contraction of the

internal intercostal muscles

during inspiration, nerves impulses travel on the ? nerves to muscle fibres in the diaphragm causing them to contract

phrenic

during expiration, the elastic tissues of the lungs and thoracic cage, which were stretched during inspiration, suddenly recoil, and surface tension collapses the

alveolar walls

which of the following is not a component of the total lung volume

residential volume

the resting tidal volume is the amount of air that moves in be out of the lungs during a single respiratory cycle under resting conditions averaging about

500 ml

accessory muscles

exhalation

the inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) is the amount of air that can be inhaled above and beyond the ? and varies by gender

tidal volume

the inspiratory ? is the amount of air that can be drawn into the lungs after completing a quiet respiratory cycle

capacity

the functional residual capacity (FRC) is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after completing a ? respiratory cycle

quiet

the ? capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs in a single respiratory cycle

vital

the total lung capacity is the total volume of the lungs, around ? I’m males, around 4500 ml in females

6000 ml

which of the following is not a major type or pattern of ventilation

hypopnea

gas exchange at the respiratory membrane is efficient because

blood flow and airflow are co ordinated

when circulating blood plasma concentrations of oxygen or carbon dioxide are high, the excess molecules are removed by the

red blood cells

the percentage of haeme units containing bound oxygen at any moment is called the

haemoglobin saturation

to the right

which of the following is not a mechanism used to remove carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular metabolism, from the blood stream

dissolved in urine

respiratory control has both involuntary and voluntary components and particularly imposed the respiratory centres of the medulla oblongata and ? , which alter the pattern of breathing

pons

which of the following does not affect activity of the respiratory centres

monosynaptic reflexes

hyperventilation may cause unconsciousness because

blood pCO2 is reduced so much that brain hypoxia occurs before an involuntarily respiratory command is issued

which is the main mechanism regulating breathing and respiratory distress

chemoreceptors monitoring pCO2

in acidosis (blood pH below normal), haemoglobin

releases more oxygen at a given pO2

when body temperature rises above normal haemoglobin

releases more oxygen at a given pO2

what is the significance of the oxygen haemoglobin saturation curve

it expresses the relationship between pO2 and the level of haemoglobin saturation

the binding and dissociation of oxygen to haemoglobin is a typical reversible reaction. at equilibrium

oxygen molecules bind to haem at the same rate that other oxygen molecules are being released

what is the effect of rebreathing expired air

increased pCO2 causes increased rate and decreased depth of breathing

why is it possible to resuscitate a non breathing casualty with expired air

because air expired during normal breathing still contains sufficient oxygen to saturate haemoglobin

how does surfactant improve lung compliance

by reducing the surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli

neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is severely reduced lung compliance due to insufficient surfactant production which may occur in premature infants. it may be treated by

all of the above

which of the following structures produces speech

larynx

emphysema (degeneration of lung tissue) is characterised by reduced elastic recoil in the lungs. how would this affect breathing

difficulty breathing out

kussmaul, deep, rapid respiration as seen in uncontrolled diabetes will

increase blood pH

carbon monoxide combined irreversibly with haemoglobin to form carbon haemoglobin. this will cause

severe tissue hypoxia

what happens to the pressure in a gas as the volume of the container increases

deceases

what lung volume cannot be measured with a spirometer

residual

total oxygen consumption over time can be used to calculate

basal metabolic rate

a significant factor in maintaining the normal pH or body fluids is the loss of which gas during external respiration

co2

an increase in altitude causes a decrease in gas exhange efficiency because

there is a decrease in oxygen pressure, therefore less of a gradient into the lungs during inspiration

dalton law describes

the laws of partial pressures of gases