•helps writers categorize main points • organize paragraphs for consistency and sense • ensure that paragraphs are fully developed

A well-written outline has:

• only phrases and main ideas are used • wording is parallel to one another • headings and subheadings should be divided into two or more parts

• sentences utilized • less need for parallelism

There are two ways to outline ideas for written works:

is a restatement of a text, passage, or work and to give the meaning in another form.

Characteristics of a Good Paraphrase

When to Paraphrase

The function of some words in a sentence are changed to a different part of speech.

The structure of the sentence is changed to reflect the writer's interpretation of the source text.

___ are reduced or changed to phrases to lessen confusion and interruption and make the sentence simpler.

It involves the change of words in the sentence with similar words or synonyms.

claiming ownership of material that is not your own

• also known as "copy-paste plagiarism" • happens when a researcher copies another person's work word-for-word or verbatim without proper citation of the author(s)

happens when a writer changes some of the words of the author(s) by looking at the synonyms of the words and replacing or rearranging them to make the text look as if it were their own

happens when a writer paraphrases the work of another in his or her own writing but does not properly cite or attribute the idea to the author(s)

is a way to give credit to the authors whose creative and intellectual work you used to support or supplement your own research. • It is also used to more easily locate particular sources as well as help avoid plagiarism.

dictates what information is necessary to include in a citation, how that information should be organized, what punctuations are used, and other formatting concerns.

is used in education, psychology, and the social sciences.

is normally used in the humanities.

is often used in business, history, and fine arts.

consists of guidelines to ensure the clear and consistent presentation of written material. • It concerns itself with a number of elements, such as a selection of headings, tone, length, citation of references, and many more.

In MLA, the concept of ____ is crucial. If the source text being used is part of a larger collection or whole, that larger collection can be thought of as the container of the source.

The Chicago style has two basic documentation systems:

style is preferred in the humanities, especially by those in literature, history, and the arts. • This style presents bibliographic information in notes and, often, a bibliography.

is typically used by those in the sciences. • Sources are briefly cited in the text, usually in parentheses, by the author's last name and date of publication.