Introduction to Computer

75問 • 2年前

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First computer being develop

Analog Computer

A computer that performs calculations and logical operations with quantities represented as digits, usually in the binary number system.

Digital Computer

Are the largest computers. • An extremely fast Computer that can performn hundreds of millions of instructions per second. • Very expensive

Super Computers

A powerful multi-user computer A very large and expensive computer capable of supporting many hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously. In some ways, mainframes are more powerful than supercomputers because they support more simultaneous programs. But supercomputers can execute a single program faster than a mainframe.

Mainframe Computers

Like the mainframe computers are used by business organization. A multi-user computer capable of supporting up to hundreds of users simultaneously. . A midsize computer • Primarily used from 1960 to 1980

Minicomputer

A small, single-user computer based on a microprocessor • A small, relatively inexpensive computer designed for an individual user • Used for word processing, accounting, desk publishing, and for spreadsheet and databa management applications.

MICROCOMPUTER/ PERSONAL COMPUTERS

Laptops Also called notebooks -Laptops are portable computers that integrate the display, keyboard, a pointing device or trackball. processor, memory and hard drive all in a battery-operated package

MICROCOMPUTER/ PERSONAL COMPUTERS

This is similar to a laptop, the only difference being that it is smaller in size, which makes it even more portable

Netbook

Also called notebooks ____ are portable computers that integrate the display, keyboard, a pointing device or trackball. processor, memory and hard drive all in a battery-operated package

Laptop

_____computer is a mobile, quite thin device, having a flat surface. The device can be easily held in your hand. It contains a touch screen which is operated using your fingers in various ways such as tapping, double tapping. swiping and pinching.

Tablet

These are true multifunctional devices. Quite recently the mobile phone has developed into what is now called a 'smartphone'.

Smartphone

The latest trend in computing is ______

wearable computers.

is a programmable machine that manipulates data according to a list of instruction in any device that aids humans in performing various kinds of computations or calculations.

Computer

3 Principles of Computer

It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner., It can execute a pre-recorded list of instructions., It can quickly store and retrieve large amounts of data

The first use of the word "computer" was recorded in ____

1614

Referring to a person who carried out calculations or computations.

Human Computers

______ was an ancient memory aid device to record and document numbers, quantities, or even messages

Tally Sticks

_______ is a mechanical device used to aid an individual in performing mathematical calculations. Invented in Babylonia in 2400 BC

Abacus

Invented by William Oughtred in 1622. ⚫ is based on Nopler's ideas about logarithms. • Used primarily for multiplication, division, roots, logarithms and Trigonometry.

Slide Rule

Invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642. ⚫It was its limitation to additionand subtraction. ⚫it is too expensive.

Pascaline

is a mechanical loom, invented by Joseph-Marie Jacquard in 1881 ⚫it an automatic loom controlled by punched cards

Jacquard Loom

A mechanical calculator invented by Thomas de Colmar in 1820 ⚫The first reliable, useful and commercially successful calculatin ⚫The machine could perform the four basic mathematic functions The first meteorreduced calculating machine.

Arithmometer

It an automatic, mechanical calculator designed to tabulate polynomial functions Invented by Charles Babbage in 1822 and 1834 It is the first mechanical computer.

Difference Engine and Analytical Engine

First Computer Programmer

Augusta Ada Byron

She writes programs for the analytical Engine.

Augusta Ada Byron

What is ENIAC means?

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer

It was the first electronic general-purpose computer. Completed in 1946,

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer

Who developed ENIAC

John Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchl

_____ was the first commercial computer. Designed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly.

UNIVAC I (UNIVersal Automatic Computer 1)

EDVAC stands for______

Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer

The First Stored Program Computer Designed by Von Neumann in 1952 It has a memory to hold both a stored program as well as data.

EDVAC

First Portable Computer released in 1981

Osborne 1

• Use Vacuum Tubes • Use Assemble language for programming Example: IBM 704, IBM 709, EDVAC, UNIVAC etc.

First Generation (1946-1954)

•Use of transistors instead of vacuum tube • Increased Operating speeds & improved Storage devices •Example: IBM 1400, 18M 7040, CDC 3600, GE635, 8300

Second Generation (1955-1964)

Use of IC (Integrated Circuit) Starting use of Semiconductor Memory (RAM) or ROM) • Example: IBM 370, Honeywell 200, 82000

Third Generation (1965-1974)

Use of VLSIC (Very Large Scale Integrated Circ • Magnetic Oxide Semiconductor Operating system speed in nano & pico sec

Fourth Generation (1975-Present)

Based on Artificial Intelligence (AI). • Still in development. The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality. • The goal is to develop devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization. •There are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today.

Fifth Generation (1980-Present)

PARTS OF THE COMPUTER SYSTEM

Hardware, Software, Data, User (Peopleware)

_____ is an electronic device that shows pictures. Monitors often look similar to televisions. The main difference

Computer Monitor

_____ is an important device that allows a person to enter symbols like letters and numbers into a computer. It is the main input device for most computers.

Keyboard

____is an input device that is most often used with a personal computer. Moving a mouse along a flat surface can move the on- screen cursor to different items on the screen. Items can be moved or selected by pressing the mouse buttons (called clicking).

Mouse

is an extenal hardware device responsible for taking computer data and generating a hard copy of that data.

Printer

Also known as a "computer chassis". "tower", "system unit". "base unit" or simply "case" and sometimes incorrectly referred to as the "CPU or "hard drive", is the enclosure that contains most of the components of a computer.

Computer Case

_____converts mains AC to low- voltage regulated DC power for the internal components of a computer. Modem personal computers universally use a switched-mode power supply. Some powersupplies have a manual selector for input voltage, while others automatically adapt to the supply voltage.

Power Supply Unit

___ is an expansion card that allows the computer to send graphical information to a video display device such as a monitor, TV, or projector.

Video Card

An expansion board that enables a computer to manipulate and output sounds. Sound cards are necessary for nearly all CD-ROMS and have become commonplace on modern personal computers.

Sound Card

(also called a Network Adapter or Network Interface Card, or NIC for short) acts as the interface between a computer and a network cable to prepare, send, and control data on the network.

Network Card

sometimes alternatively known as the mainboard, system board, planar board or logic board. or colloquially, a mobo) is the main printed circuit board (PCB) found in computers expandable systems. and other

Mother Board

____ is a form of computer data storage that allows data items to be read and written in roughly the same amount of time regardless of the order in which data items are accessed

Random Access memory (RAM)

___ is a type of storage medium permanently stores data that on personal computers (PCs) and other electronic devices and it cannot be changed: it is permanent and nan volatile, meaning it will also hold its memory even when power is removed. By contrast, it is volatile and lost when power is removed.

Read-only memory (ROM)

____ is a data storage device used for storing and retrieving digital information using rapidly rotating disks (platters) coated with magnetic material and retains its data even when powered off.

Hard Disk Drive

are set of instructions (also called e program) that quides the hardware to operate effectively and can be split into two main types.

Software

2 Types of Software

APPLICATION SOFTWARE, SYSTEM SOFTWARE (OPERATING SYSTEM/OS)

is a person who grew up with the presence of digital technology or in the information age.

digital native

Things that are or can be known about a given topic: communicable knowledge of something.

Information

The act or fact of communicating anything: transmission,

communication

A primitive version of a slide projector that projected images printed on glass plates invented in 1980.

Magic Lantern

The school state was invented.

1890

____ is one of the biggest inventions in terms of educational technology which is still being used up to this age.

Chalkboard

This is a wooden paddle with printed lessons that was used during the colonial era. You can find the paper alphabets and a religious verse which children would copy to help them learn how to write.

1650-Horn Book

Charles Babbage designed this computing machine which was used in calculating and printing of simple math tables

1820- Difference Engine

Charles Babbage designed this second computing machine which was used in calculating complicated problems by following a set of instructions.

1830- Analytical Engine

___ used for on- air classes which began popping up for any student within listening range.

1920 - Radio

It is also called movie projector which is used for projecting moving images from film.

1925- Film Projector

Initially used by the U.S. military for training purposes in World War II, but later on quickly spread to schools and other organizations

1930- Overhead Projector

IBM introduced its first personal computer.

1981

This pointing device which is still being used today was invented by Douglas Engelbart.

1964 - Mouse

The first internet was called ARPANET, which is an interconnected network of computer networks.

1969-Internet

___ entered the classrooms for quick mathematical calculation.

1972- Handheld Calculator

____ are used in schools for some listening skills and to do individual listening for audio files and the like.

1950-Headphones

___were used as exciting method of instruction.

1951- Video tape

The transistor was invented by Bell Telephone Company which is one of the vital components of the computer.

1947-Transistor

is a Software that is ready-made and available for sale, lease , or license to the general public.

Custom Software

Free to use software with limitations Forced trial period, often 30 days Some features may require payment

Shareware

Free to use software with no limitations No trial period All features are operational for all users

Freeware

Computer Programming

Rham Sarmiento · 43問 · 2年前

Computer Programming