Single cell organism

Multicellular organisms

Ribosome is floating within cytoplasm

Ribosome is attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum

One chromosome and extrachronosome

46 chromosome (23 pairs)

Asexual reproduction like binary fission

Sexual reproduction (mitosis and meiosis)

DNA replication is on opposing directions

DNA replication is unidirectional

Transcription and translation both happen in the cytoplasm

Transcription happens in nucleus while translation happens in cytoplasm

Cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan

Cell wall in plant is called cellulose while fungi is called chitin

Cell membrane is hopanoid (sterol like lipid)

Cell membrane: Animal-Cholesterol Plant-Phytosterol Fungi-Ergosterol

Get food and oxygen, maintain internal conditions stable, to move and reproduce

Has cell wall and chloroplast not found in animal cells. Its major function is photosynthesis

Breaks down organic matter. has two basic morphological types

Long branching filament

Absence of septate. Also known as aseptate

Result of incomplete budding

Highly diverse group of organism. Eukaryotes that are not animals, plants, or fungi

Unicellular, have membrane-bound organelle, cell wall is called peptidoglycan

Unicellular organism. Extremophiles, same structure as bacteria but different composition

Facilitates muscle contraction and contain protein filaments(myofibrils) and lots of mitochondria

Develop into other types of cell

Protect the internal organs, rigid frame for muscular movement, store minerals such as calcium and phosphorus

Contains the assortment of cells

Carries oxygen and deoxygenated blood

First line of defense

Allergic reaction or cancer

Enzymes to improve blood flow

Help treat injury and prevent infections

Memory cells

Male reproductive cell that originates in testicles

Female reproductive cells, or gamete, in most anisogamous organisms.

2 Types of Plant Tissue

"Dividing tissues", divide and help the plant grow

Located at the roots and shoot tips of the plants. Help increase the length of the plants.

The growth in length in the middle position. At the base of the leaves/internodes

Responsible for secondary growth, or increase in stem girth and thickness. Responsible for plant wound healing

It can photosynthesize and exchange built up gases

Enabling plants to obtain water and nutrients

Arises between the primary xylem and phloem of a young stem or root. Responsible for increasing the diameter of stems and roots

Protect the plant's body against physical damage

Non-dividing tissues, lost the power of dividing

A few layers of cells beneath the epidermis Grouped together

Its function is photosynthesis, storage, or transport

Provides support, structure, mechanical strength, and flexibility

Form protective covering. Dead tissue

Collection of structurally dissimilar cells performing a common set of functions

Transport water and nutrients from the plant-soil interface to stem and leaves. going upwards

Transport carbohydrates from sources to sinks through the sieve elements. storage of water

Virtually all plants species possess some kind of hair-like epidermal structures. physical and chemical protection for the leaf against insects. Prevent excessive water loss from the leaves and excessive moisture

Absorption of water and nutrients. Single tubular root cells

Internal ground tissue located between two epidermal cell layers

Photosynthesis, contain large amount of chloroplast

The exchange of gasses, supply of carbon dioxide and the removal of oxygen

In the small intestine, absorption of nutrients and other substance, protection from pathogens

For movement and communication

Physical separation of the cytoplasmic components into two or four daughter cell

Separates doubled stand DNA

Combining two or more components to produce an entity

Multistep process, duplicated chromosome is aligned and separated

Creates 2 daughter cell

Genetic Material

Group of enzymes that remove nucleotide bases from DNA base

Critical control point in them cell cycle where signals regulate the cycle

When there is a mistake on the copying of the DNA

A series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides.

The process of partition of a cell's nucleus into the daughter cells

When is cell discovered

An ancient belief that living organism could arise spontaneously from non-living organism. Also known as ABIOGENESIS

Creates 4 daughter cells