An ancient belief that living organism could arise spontaneously from non-living organism. Also known as ABIOGENESIS

The exchange of gasses, supply of carbon dioxide and the removal of oxygen

Multicellular organisms

For movement and communication

Cell membrane: Animal-Cholesterol Plant-Phytosterol Fungi-Ergosterol

In the small intestine, absorption of nutrients and other substance, protection from pathogens

Creates 2 daughter cell

Critical control point in them cell cycle where signals regulate the cycle

Help treat injury and prevent infections

Cell membrane is hopanoid (sterol like lipid)

Located at the roots and shoot tips of the plants. Help increase the length of the plants.

2 Types of Plant Tissue

Male reproductive cell that originates in testicles

Contains the assortment of cells

Sexual reproduction (mitosis and meiosis)

Absence of septate. Also known as aseptate

Transport carbohydrates from sources to sinks through the sieve elements. storage of water

It can photosynthesize and exchange built up gases

Multistep process, duplicated chromosome is aligned and separated

First line of defense

Asexual reproduction like binary fission

Transport water and nutrients from the plant-soil interface to stem and leaves. going upwards

Separates doubled stand DNA

Facilitates muscle contraction and contain protein filaments(myofibrils) and lots of mitochondria

Cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan

Cell wall in plant is called cellulose while fungi is called chitin

Allergic reaction or cancer

Transcription happens in nucleus while translation happens in cytoplasm

Result of incomplete budding

"Dividing tissues", divide and help the plant grow

Genetic Material

Has cell wall and chloroplast not found in animal cells. Its major function is photosynthesis

Carries oxygen and deoxygenated blood

Responsible for secondary growth, or increase in stem girth and thickness. Responsible for plant wound healing

Get food and oxygen, maintain internal conditions stable, to move and reproduce

Group of enzymes that remove nucleotide bases from DNA base

Long branching filament

A few layers of cells beneath the epidermis Grouped together

Memory cells

When there is a mistake on the copying of the DNA

Absorption of water and nutrients. Single tubular root cells

Female reproductive cells, or gamete, in most anisogamous organisms.

DNA replication is unidirectional

When is cell discovered

Highly diverse group of organism. Eukaryotes that are not animals, plants, or fungi

Unicellular organism. Extremophiles, same structure as bacteria but different composition

Enzymes to improve blood flow

Single cell organism

The growth in length in the middle position. At the base of the leaves/internodes

Combining two or more components to produce an entity

Protect the internal organs, rigid frame for muscular movement, store minerals such as calcium and phosphorus

Collection of structurally dissimilar cells performing a common set of functions

DNA replication is on opposing directions

Ribosome is floating within cytoplasm

Transcription and translation both happen in the cytoplasm

Its function is photosynthesis, storage, or transport

The process of partition of a cell's nucleus into the daughter cells

Protect the plant's body against physical damage

Internal ground tissue located between two epidermal cell layers

Provides support, structure, mechanical strength, and flexibility

Non-dividing tissues, lost the power of dividing

Creates 4 daughter cells

Arises between the primary xylem and phloem of a young stem or root. Responsible for increasing the diameter of stems and roots

Ribosome is attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum

Form protective covering. Dead tissue

Breaks down organic matter. has two basic morphological types

Unicellular, have membrane-bound organelle, cell wall is called peptidoglycan

46 chromosome (23 pairs)

Enabling plants to obtain water and nutrients

Physical separation of the cytoplasmic components into two or four daughter cell

Photosynthesis, contain large amount of chloroplast

A series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides.

One chromosome and extrachronosome

Develop into other types of cell

Virtually all plants species possess some kind of hair-like epidermal structures. physical and chemical protection for the leaf against insects. Prevent excessive water loss from the leaves and excessive moisture