The subjects of biophysics are() underlying all processes of living systems. Biophysics also studies the interactions of physical factors on physiological functions, which is a special subarea, called environmental biophysics.

Biophysics is a/an/ ........ science somewhere between biology and physics. It is connected with other disciplines, as well, such as mathematics, physical chemistry. and biochemistry.

Biophysics studies ..... of biological organization, from molecular processes to ecological phenomena.

The nature ofbiophysics is defined by ..... rather than by the applied methods.

Cybernetics deals with()in man and machines.

Biology claims to be a comprehensive science relating to all functions of .......... ... systems.

Borelli founded a school in Pisa of iatro-mathematics and iat physics in which the human body was perceived as a(n)

latro-physics has often been considered as a mechanistic forerunner of .....

A decisive stimulus has been given to biophysical research through the discovery of X-rays. It was attributable to close cooperation between physicists, biologists and medical scientists which laid the foundation of.() which made significant contributions to the growth of modern molecular biology.

The word() was invented by a synthesis of "biology" and "technics" at a conference in Dayton, USA, in 1960.

During the 1780's, Luigi Galvani performed experiments at the University of Bologna involving frogs. The physics of electricity was thus studied in direct relationship with phenomena of()

biological membranes, as highly organized() structures, are always

Two kinds of physical behavior meet at the molecular level of biological structures. On the one hand, there are stochastic .... processes, based on the individual behavior of atoms, molecules or supramolecular structures. On the other hand, there are. ... processes, based on the behavior of "large" bodies.

The macrophysics use the laws of classical physics. Our everyday experiences with macrophysical systems show us that their behavior is generally ........

In contrast to isotropic systems, like simple solutions, in anisotropic systems the ...... of molecules in various directions is not identical, but is restricted in some directions, and promoted in others.

Increasing energy of light goes in the order

The fundamental laws of diffusion were formulated by() who in 1856 published the first biophysical text.

Based on his physiological studies, Robert Mayer was able to formulate()

An outstanding scientist in the history of biophysics is the German physicist and physiologist Hermann von Helmholtz, who laid the foundations for the fundamental theories of()

The word thermodynamics stems from two Greek words meaning:

In thermodynamic processes, which of the following statements is NOT true?

A process, in which the working substance neither receives nor gives heat to its surroundings during expansion or compression is called

Which of the following is NOT a state variable?

Heat flow is considered negative when heat flows ..... a system; work is considered positive when work is done ...... .. a system.

Because the internal energy U is a state variable and depends only on the state of the system but not on how the system has achieved that state, we can writeBecause the internal energy U is a state variable and depends only on the state of the system but not on how the system has achieved that state, we can write()

Which of the following laws of physics has become the foundation of thermodynamics?

According to the laws of thermodynamics, all processes occurring in nature are

Which of the following is TRUE about thermodynamics?

Which of the following is/are reversible process(es)?

Ice kept in a well insulated container is an example of which system?

Thermodynamic work is the product ofThermodynamic work is the product of

Which of the following is an intensive property?

Pressure and volume are thermodynamic parameters. Their product is expressed in units of ..

In an irreversible process, there is

()adhere to functionally deranged endothelium and then enter the intima, where they develop into macrophages.

Continued LDL uptake converts macrophages into

activity of the antioxidant defense system in the brain is

The rate of movement of an ion through an ion-specific channel depends on all of the following EXCEPT:

The brief electrical impulses produced by electrically excitable cells are called

Conduction velocity is increased by

The action potential is conducted

At rest, the ion distribution inside and outside of a neuron is such that() ions are most abundant outside the cell, while .. ions are most abundant inside the cell.

In response to a stimulus, if the equilibrium membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential, we say that the membrane is

The resting membrane potential of a neuron depends on

resting membrane potential occurs because

Because of its large conductance, .... is often the dominant ion that determines the resting membrane potential.

patient suffering from renal insufficiency has plasma [K]e = 7mM. The equilibrium membrane potential for this ion will change to:

The resting membrane potential of neurons mainly depends on

Numerous experiments have demonstrated that the immediate energy source for the resting membrane potential is

At rest, the membrane potential is close to the Nernstian potential for

The dependence of resting membrane potential on ionic permeability and concentration is given quantitatively by

The ionic current through a membrane is proportional to the difference (Em - Eeq), the constant of proportionality being

Some water is believed to cross membranes by

The movement of ions against the concentration gradient is

facilitated diffusion

Which of the following are forms of carrier-mediated transport?

A bacterium, containing sodium ions at a concentration of 0.1 mM lives in a pond that contains sodium ions at 0.005 mM. Evidently, sodium ions are entering the cell by:

Which of the following describes the energy supply for facilitated diffusion?

In the cotransport of glucose and sodium ions

Facilitated diffusion can be carried by carriers and channels. These transporters permit net movement of molecules

water or urea

In comparison with mediated transport, transport through channels occurs

All of the following substances freely diffuse across biological lipid bilayer EXCEPT

According to the graph above, the molecule X is:

The concentration of COz in the cell membrane near the intracellular side is higher than its concentration in the membrane near the extracellular side. COz will

Electric potential is defined as the potential energy of a positive test charge divided by

bock of steel with a mass of 1 kg is at a temperature of 60 °C (Csteel = 450 J/kg/'C). It is placed in contact with an identical block of steel at a temperature of 20 °C. The heat energy of the combined system in Joules will change by

The normal internal temperature of our bodies is 37°C. What is this temperature when expressed in units of Kelvins to the nearest power of ten?

The conclusion that it is impossible to completely convert heat into work without making other changes in the universe

The first law of thermodynamics states that

The second law of thermodynamics states that

The internal energy change in a system that has absorbed 2 kcals of heat and done 500 J of work is:

A svstem does no work even when heat is added to it. Which ot the following may happen to the system?

The first law of thermodynamics states that energy is

A gas is enclosed in a metal container with a moveable piston on top. Heat is added to the gas by placing a candle flame in contact with the container's bottom. Which of the following is true about the temperature of the gas?

Which of the following involves a decrease in entropy?

All of the following statements concerning entropy are true EXCEPT

All of the following processes lead to an increase in entropy EXCEPTAll of the following processes lead to an increase in entropy EXCEPT

The second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of a closed system always increases AS>0, with AS=0 only in the special case of

The action potential duration in a typical nerve is about

If the electrical potential difference across a membrane changes from -70 to -80 mV, we call this change

In most axons, the myelin sheath is interrupted at intervals of about 1 millimeter or more. These interruptions are called:

When the potential difference across a membrane of a neuron equals the threshold potential,

Information is a form of energy which is called

The maximum information the student gets from a grade Pass/Fail will be:

In the previous question, how many possible ways are there to distribute the particles between the two distinguishable sides of the container?

Suppose we have four distinguishable particles in one side of a two-compartment container. How many possible ways are there to distribute them between the two sides of the container? Consider container compartments as indistinguishable.

If a chemical reaction is spontaneous, the total entropy of the chemical system and its surroundings

Let us consider a crystal containing eight atoms at three different temperatures. If enough energy is added to the crystal to start just one of the atoms vibrating, the thermodynamic probability W will be

Entropy is a function of

The change in the internal energy of a system that releases 15.0 J of heat and does 4.8 J of work on the surroundings is

The standard enthalpy for the reaction 2Na202 (s) +2H20 -> 4NaOH(s) + 02(g) is dHo=-126 kJ. How much heat will be released if 2 moles of NaOH are produced?

Chemical reactions that absorb heat energy are called .......... and have a ........ enthalpy.

Whether a chemical reaction or physical change takes place depends on both the enthalpy and the .() of the process.

Both enthalpy and entropy are combined to calculate the

The difference in the heat contents of products and reactants is called

The Gibbs free energy provides information about the .......... of a chemical reaction.

The change in enthalpy is the change in heat energy of a reaction and is calculated by

Standard enthalpies occur at

When 1.0 mole of ZnO (s) decomposes, AH = 348 kJ/mol. What does this tell you about the formation of ZnO (s)?